629 lines
22 KiB
Plaintext
629 lines
22 KiB
Plaintext
@c This is part of the AUCTeX Manual.
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@c Copyright (C) 1994, 1996, 2003-2007, 2012-2013,
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@c 2015, 2017, 2018, 2020, 2021 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
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@c See the file auctex.texi for copying conditions.
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@ifset rawfile
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@include macros.texi
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@node Installation,,(dir),(dir)
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@top Installing @AUCTeX{}
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@end ifset
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@ifclear rawfile
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@node Installation
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@chapter Installing @AUCTeX{}
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@end ifclear
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The modern and strongly recommended way of installing @AUCTeX{} is by
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using the Emacs package manager integrated in Emacs 24 and greater
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(@acronym{ELPA}). Simply do @kbd{M-x list-packages @key{RET}}, mark the
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auctex package for installation with @kbd{i}, and hit @kbd{x} to execute
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the installation procedure. That's all.
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@code{use-package} users can use this simple recipe in their
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@code{user-init-file} which essentially does the same as the manual
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installation explained above.
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@lisp
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(use-package tex
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:ensure auctex)
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@end lisp
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Using the @acronym{ELPA} version has several advantages. Besides being
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platform and @acronym{OS} independent, you will receive intermediate
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bugfix releases between major @AUCTeX{} releases conveniently. For past
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@acronym{ELPA} releases, see
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@url{https://elpa.gnu.org/packages/auctex.html}.
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@ifclear rawfile
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Once the installation is completed, you can skip the rest of this
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section and proceed to @ref{Quick Start}.
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@end ifclear
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The remainder of this section is about installing @AUCTeX{} from a
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release tarball or from a checkout of the @AUCTeX{} repository.
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Installing @AUCTeX{} should be simple: merely @command{./configure},
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@command{make}, and @code{make install} for a standard site-wide
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installation (most other installations can be done by specifying a
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@option{--prefix=@dots{}} option).
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On many systems, this will already activate the package, making its
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modes the default instead of the built-in modes of Emacs. If this is
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not the case, consult @ref{Loading the package}. Please read through
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this document fully before installing anything. The installation
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procedure has changed as compared to earlier versions. Users of @w{MS
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Windows} are asked to consult
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@ifset rawfile
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the file @file{INSTALL.windows}.
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@end ifset
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@ifclear rawfile
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@xref{Installation under MS Windows}.
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@end ifclear
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@ifclear rawfile
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@menu
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* Prerequisites::
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* Configure::
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* Build/install and uninstall::
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* Loading the package::
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* Advice for package providers::
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* Advice for non-privileged users::
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* Installation under MS Windows::
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* Customizing::
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@end menu
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@end ifclear
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@ifset rawfile
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@menu
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* Prerequisites::
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* Configure::
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* Build/install and uninstall::
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* Loading the package::
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* Advice for package providers::
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* Advice for non-privileged users::
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* Customizing::
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@end menu
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@end ifset
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@ifset rawfile
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@node Prerequisites
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@chapter Prerequisites
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@raisesections
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@end ifset
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@ifclear rawfile
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@node Prerequisites
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@section Prerequisites
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@end ifclear
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@itemize @bullet
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@item GNU Emacs 25.1 or higher
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Using @previewlatex{} requires a version of Emacs compiled with image
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support.
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@table @b
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@item Windows
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Precompiled versions are available from
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@uref{https://ftp.gnu.org/gnu/emacs/windows/}.
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@item macOS
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For an overview of precompiled versions of Emacs for macOS see for
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example @uref{https://www.emacswiki.org/emacs/EmacsForMacOS}.
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@item GNU/Linux
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Most GNU/Linux distributions nowadays provide a recent variant of Emacs
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via their package repositories.
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@item Self-compiled
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Compiling Emacs yourself requires a C compiler and a number of tools and
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development libraries. Details are beyond the scope of this manual.
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Instructions for checking out the source code can be found at
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@uref{https://savannah.gnu.org/git/?group=emacs}.
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@end table
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@item A working @TeX{} installation
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Well, @AUCTeX{} would be pointless without that. Processing
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documentation requires @TeX{}, @LaTeX{} and Texinfo during installation.
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@previewlatex{} requires Dvips or @command{dvipng} for its operation in @acronym{DVI} mode.
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The default configuration of @AUCTeX{} is tailored for @w{@TeX{} Live}-based
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distributions, but can be adapted easily.
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@item A recent Ghostscript
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This is needed for operation of @previewlatex{} in both @acronym{DVI}
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and @acronym{PDF} mode. Ghostscript version 7.07 or newer is required.
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@item GNU make
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Recent @AUCTeX{} uses GNU make specific capabilities in the Makefiles.
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If your @acronym{OS}'s default @command{make} command is not GNU make,
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you have to obtain it in order to build @AUCTeX{} by yourself. GNU make
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is sometimes provided under the name @command{gmake} in your
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@acronym{OS}'s binary package system.
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@item The Texinfo package
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Strictly speaking, you can get away without it if you are building
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from the distribution tarball, have not modified any files and don't
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need a printed version of the manual: the pregenerated info file is
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included in the tarball. At least @w{version 4.0} is required.
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@end itemize
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For some known issues with various software, see
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@ifset rawfile
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the @file{PROBLEMS.preview} file.
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@end ifset
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@ifclear rawfile
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@ref{Known problems,,,preview-latex,the @previewlatex{} manual}.
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@end ifclear
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@node Configure
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@section Configure
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The first step is to configure the source code, telling it where
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various files will be. To do so, run
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@example
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./configure @var{options}
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@end example
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(Note: if you have fetched @AUCTeX{} from Git rather than
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a regular release, you will have to first follow the instructions in
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@file{README.GIT}).
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On many machines, you will not need to specify any options, but if
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@command{configure} cannot determine something on its own, you'll need to
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help it out with one of these options:
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@table @code
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@item --prefix=@var{prefix}
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All automatic placements for package components will be chosen from
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sensible existing hierarchies below this: directories like @file{man},
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@file{share} and @file{bin} are supposed to be directly below
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@var{prefix}.
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Only if no workable placement can be found there, in some cases an
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alternative search will be made in a prefix deduced from a suitable
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binary.
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@file{/usr/local} is the default @var{prefix}, intended to be suitable
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for a site-wide installation. If you are packaging this as an
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operating system component for distribution, the setting @file{/usr}
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will probably be the right choice. See @ref{Advice for package
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providers} for detail.
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If you are planning to install the package as a single non-priviledged
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user, you will typically set @var{prefix} to your home directory.
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Consult @ref{Advice for non-privileged users} for addtional
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instructions.
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@item --with-emacs=@var{/path/to/emacs}
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If you are using a pretest which isn't in your @env{PATH}, or
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@command{configure} is not finding the right Emacs executable, you can
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specify it with this option.
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@item --with-lispdir=@var{lispdir}
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This option specifies the location of the @file{site-lisp}
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directory within @code{load-path} under which the files will get
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installed (the bulk will get installed in a subdirectory).
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@command{./configure} should figure this out by itself.
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@item --with-auctexstartfile=@file{auctex.el}
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@itemx --with-previewstartfile=@file{preview-latex.el}
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This is the name of the respective startup files. If @var{lispdir}
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contains a subdirectory @file{site-start.d}, the start files are
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placed there, and @file{site-start.el} should
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load them automatically. Please be aware that you must not move the
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start files after installation since other files are found
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@emph{relative} to them.
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@item --with-packagelispdir=@file{auctex}
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This is the directory where the bulk of the package gets located. The
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startfile adds this into @code{load-path}.
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@item --with-auto-dir=@var{/dir}
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You can use this option to specify the directory containing
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automatically generated information by @kbd{M-x TeX-auto-generate-global @key{RET}}. It is not necessary for most
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@TeX{} installs, but may be used if you don't like the directory that
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configure is suggesting.
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@item --help
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This is not an option specific to @AUCTeX{}. A number of standard
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options to @command{configure} exist, and we do not have the room to
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describe them here; a short description of each is available, using
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@option{--help}.
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@c FIXME: It seems this no longer holds.
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@c If you use @samp{--help=recursive}, then also @previewlatex{}-specific
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@c options will get listed.
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@item --disable-preview
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This disables configuration and installation of @previewlatex{}. This
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option is not actually recommended. If your Emacs does not support
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images, you should really upgrade to a newer version. Distributors
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should, if possible, refrain from distributing @AUCTeX{} and
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@previewlatex{} separately in order to avoid confusion and upgrade
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hassles if users install partial packages on their own.
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@item --with-texmf-dir=@var{/dir}
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@itemx --without-texmf-dir
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@cindex preview-install-styles
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This option is used for specifying a @acronym{TDS}-compliant directory
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hierarchy. Using @code{--with-texmf-dir=@var{/dir}} you can specify
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where the @TeX{} @acronym{TDS} directory hierarchy resides, and the
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@TeX{} files will get installed in
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@file{@var{/dir}/tex/latex/preview/}.
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If you use the @option{--without-texmf-dir} option, the @TeX{}-related
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files will be kept in the Emacs Lisp tree, and at runtime the
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@env{TEXINPUTS} environment variable will be made to point there. You
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can install those files into your own @TeX{} tree at some later time
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with @kbd{M-x preview-install-styles @key{RET}}.
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@item --with-tex-dir=@var{/dir}
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If you want to specify an exact directory for the preview @TeX{} files,
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use @code{--with-tex-dir=@var{/dir}}. In this case, the files will be
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placed in @file{@var{/dir}}, and you'll also need the following option:
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@item --with-doc-dir=@var{/dir}
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This option may be used to specify where the @TeX{} documentation goes.
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It is to be used when you are using @code{--with-tex-dir=@var{/dir}},
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but is normally not necessary otherwise.
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@end table
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@node Build/install and uninstall
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@section Build/install and uninstall
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@cindex Installation
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@cindex Make
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@cindex Uninstallation
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Once @command{configure} has been run, simply enter
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@example
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make
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@end example
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@noindent
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at the prompt to byte-compile the lisp files, extract the @TeX{} files
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and build the documentation files. To install the files into the
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locations chosen earlier, type
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@example
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make install
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@end example
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@noindent
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You may need special privileges to install, e.g., if you are installing
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into system directories.
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Should you want to completely remove the installed package, in the same
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directory you built @AUCTeX{} run
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@example
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make uninstall
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@end example
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@noindent
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You will need administration privileges if you installed the package
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into system directories.
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@node Loading the package
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@section Loading the package
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@cindex @file{init.el}
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@cindex @file{.emacs}
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You can detect the successful activation of @AUCTeX{} and
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@previewlatex{} in the menus after loading a @LaTeX{} file like
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@file{circ.tex}: @AUCTeX{} then gives you a @samp{Command} menu,
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and @previewlatex{} gives you a @samp{Preview} menu.
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@cindex @file{auctex.el}
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@cindex @file{tex-site.el}
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With Emacs (or if you explicitly disabled use of the package system),
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the startup files @file{auctex.el} and @file{preview-latex.el} may
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already be in a directory of the @file{site-start.d/} variety if your
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Emacs installation provides it. In that case they should be
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automatically loaded on startup and nothing else needs to be done. If
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not, they should at least have been placed somewhere in your
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@code{load-path}. You can then load them by placing the lines
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@lisp
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(load "auctex.el" nil t t)
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(load "preview-latex.el" nil t t)
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@end lisp
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@noindent
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into your init file such as @file{init.el} or @file{.emacs}.
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If you explicitly used @code{--with-lispdir}, you may need to add the
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specified directory into Emacs' @code{load-path} variable by adding
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something like
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@lisp
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(add-to-list 'load-path "~/elisp")
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@end lisp
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@noindent
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before the above lines into your Emacs startup file.
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For site-wide activation in GNU Emacs, see
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@ifset rawfile
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below.
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@end ifset
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@ifclear rawfile
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@xref{Advice for package providers}.
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@end ifclear
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Once activated, the modes provided by @AUCTeX{} are used per default for
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all supported file types. If you want to change the modes for which it
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is operative instead of the default, use
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@example
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@kbd{M-x customize-option @key{RET} TeX-modes @key{RET}}
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@end example
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If you want to remove a preinstalled @AUCTeX{} completely before any of
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its modes have been used,
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@lisp
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(unload-feature 'tex-site)
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@end lisp
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@noindent
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should accomplish that.
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@node Advice for package providers
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@section Providing @AUCTeX{} as a package
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As a package provider, you should make sure that your users will be
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served best according to their intentions, and keep in mind that a
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system might be used by more than one user, with different
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preferences.
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There are people that prefer the built-in Emacs modes for editing
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@TeX{} files, in particular plain @TeX{} users. There are various
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ways to tell @AUCTeX{} even after auto-activation that it should
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not get used, and they are described in
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@ifset rawfile
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the @file{README} file.
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@end ifset
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@ifclear rawfile
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@ref{Introduction,,Introduction to @AUCTeX{}}.
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@end ifclear
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So if you have users that don't want to use the preinstalled @AUCTeX{},
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they can easily get rid of it. Activating @AUCTeX{} by default is
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therefore a good choice.
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If the installation procedure did not achieve this already by placing
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@file{auctex.el} and @file{preview-latex.el} into a possibly existing
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@file{site-start.d} directory, you can do this by placing
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@lisp
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(load "auctex.el" nil t t)
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(load "preview-latex.el" nil t t)
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@end lisp
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@noindent in the system-wide @file{site-start.el}.
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The @option{--without-texmf-dir} option can be convenient for systems that
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are intended to support more than a single TeX distribution. Since more
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often than not @TeX{} packages for operating system distributions are
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either much more outdated or much less complete than separately provided
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systems like @w{@TeX{} Live}, this method may be generally preferable
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when providing packages.
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The following package structure would be adequate for a typical fully
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supported Unix-like installation:
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@c FIXME: teTeX is much outdated now.
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@table @samp
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@item preview-tetex
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Style files and documentation for @file{preview.sty}, placed into a
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@TeX{} tree where it is accessible from the te@TeX{} executables usually
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delivered with a system. If there are other commonly used @TeX{} system
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packages, it might be appropriate to provide separate packages for
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those.
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@item auctex-emacs-tetex
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This package will require the installation of @samp{preview-tetex} and
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will record in @code{TeX-macro-global} where to find the @TeX{} tree.
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It is also a good idea to run
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@example
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emacs -batch -f TeX-auto-generate-global
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@end example
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when either @AUCTeX{} or te@TeX{} get installed or upgraded. If your
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users might want to work with a different @TeX{} distribution (nowadays
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pretty common), instead consider the following:
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@item auctex-emacs
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This package will be compiled with @option{--without-texmf-dir} and will
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consequently contain the @samp{preview} style files in its private
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directory. It will probably not be possible to initialize
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@code{TeX-macro-global} to a sensible value, so running
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@code{TeX-auto-generate-global} does not appear useful. This package
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would neither conflict with nor provide @samp{preview-tetex}.
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@end table
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@node Advice for non-privileged users
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@section Installation for non-privileged users
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Often people without system administration privileges want to install
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software for their private use. In that case you need to pass more
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options to the @command{configure} script.
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The main expedient is using the @option{--prefix} option to the
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@command{configure} script, and let it point to the personal home
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directory. In that way, resulting binaries will be installed under the
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@file{bin} subdirectory of your home directory, manual pages under
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@file{man} and so on. It is reasonably easy to maintain a bunch of
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personal software, since the prefix argument is supported by most
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@command{configure} scripts.
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You often need to specify @option{--with-lispdir} option as well.
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If you haven't installed Emacs under your home directory and use Emacs
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installed in system directories, the @command{configure} script might not
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be able to figure out suitable place to install lisp files under your
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home directory. In that case, the @command{configure} script would
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silently choose, by default, the @file{site-lisp} directory within
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@code{load-path} for the place, where administration privileges are
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usually required to put relevant files. Thus you will have to tell
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the @command{configure} script explicitly where to put those files by,
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e.g., @code{--with-lispdir=@samp{/home/myself/share/emacs/site-lisp}}.
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You'll have to add something like
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@samp{/home/myself/share/emacs/site-lisp} to your @code{load-path}
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variable, if it isn't there already.
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In addition, you will have to tell @command{configure} script where to
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install @TeX{}-related files such as @file{preview.sty} if
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@previewlatex{} isn't disabled. It is enough to specify
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@option{--with-texmf-dir=@file{$HOME/texmf}} for most typical cases, but
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you have to create the direcotry @file{$HOME/texmf} in advance if it
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doesn't exist. If this prescription doesn't work, consider using one or
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more of the options @code{--with-texmf-dir=@var{/dir}},
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@code{--without-texmf-dir}, @code{--with-tex-dir=@var{/dir}} and
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@code{--with-doc-dir=@var{/dir}}. See @ref{Configure} for detail of
|
|
these options.
|
|
|
|
Now here is another thing to ponder: perhaps you want to make it easy
|
|
for other users to share parts of your personal Emacs configuration. In
|
|
general, you can do this by writing @samp{~myself/} anywhere where you
|
|
specify paths to something installed in your personal subdirectories,
|
|
not merely @samp{~/}, since the latter, when used by other users, will
|
|
point to non-existent files.
|
|
|
|
For yourself, it will do to manipulate environment variables in your
|
|
@file{.profile} resp.@: @file{.login} files. But if people will be
|
|
copying just Elisp files, their copies will not work. While it would
|
|
in general be preferable if the added components where available from
|
|
a shell level, too (like when you call the standalone info reader, or
|
|
try using @file{preview.sty} for functionality besides of Emacs
|
|
previews), it will be a big help already if things work from inside
|
|
of Emacs.
|
|
|
|
Here is how to do the various parts:
|
|
|
|
@subheading Making the Elisp available
|
|
|
|
In GNU Emacs, it should be sufficient if people just do
|
|
|
|
@lisp
|
|
(load "~myself/share/emacs/site-lisp/auctex.el" nil t t)
|
|
(load "~myself/share/emacs/site-lisp/preview-latex.el" nil t t)
|
|
@end lisp
|
|
@noindent
|
|
where the path points to your personal installation. The rest of the
|
|
package should be found relative from there without further ado.
|
|
|
|
@subheading Making the Info files available
|
|
|
|
For making the info files accessible from within Elisp, something like
|
|
the following might be convenient to add into your or other people's
|
|
startup files:
|
|
|
|
@lisp
|
|
(eval-after-load 'info
|
|
'(add-to-list 'Info-directory-list "~myself/info"))
|
|
@end lisp
|
|
|
|
@subheading Making the @LaTeX{} style available
|
|
|
|
If you want others to be able to share your installation, you should
|
|
configure it using @option{--without-texmf-dir}, in which case things
|
|
should work as well for them as for you.
|
|
|
|
@subsection Using @AUCTeX{} from local Git repo
|
|
|
|
With the techniques described above, it is also possible to use @AUCTeX{}
|
|
directly from a local Git repository. Let's assume you have your Git
|
|
repositories under @samp{~/development/}.
|
|
|
|
First, you have to fetch a copy of the @AUCTeX{} Git repository. In a
|
|
shell, change directory to @samp{~/development/} and do:
|
|
@example
|
|
git clone https://git.savannah.gnu.org/git/auctex.git
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
Now change directory to @samp{~/development/auctex} and run
|
|
@samp{./autogen.sh}. Next thing is to run @command{configure} like this:
|
|
@example
|
|
./configure --without-texmf-dir --with-lispdir=.
|
|
@end example
|
|
|
|
@noindent
|
|
When finished, simply enter
|
|
@example
|
|
make
|
|
@end example
|
|
@noindent
|
|
and you're finished. Note that the @samp{make install} step is not
|
|
necessary.
|
|
|
|
Now you have to tell Emacs about the plan. The following variables must
|
|
be set in your init file because their normal values are only correct when
|
|
@AUCTeX{} is installed:
|
|
@lisp
|
|
(setq TeX-data-directory "~/development/auctex"
|
|
TeX-lisp-directory TeX-data-directory)
|
|
@end lisp
|
|
|
|
@noindent
|
|
The info files will be available with this:
|
|
@lisp
|
|
(eval-after-load 'info
|
|
'(add-to-list 'Info-additional-directory-list
|
|
"~/development/auctex/doc"))
|
|
@end lisp
|
|
|
|
@noindent
|
|
Now you're ready to load @file{auctex.el} and @file{preview-latex.el} out
|
|
of this directory:
|
|
@lisp
|
|
(load "~/development/auctex/auctex.el" nil t t)
|
|
(load "~/development/auctex/preview-latex.el" nil t t)
|
|
@end lisp
|
|
|
|
@ifclear rawfile
|
|
@node Installation under MS Windows
|
|
@section Installation under MS Windows
|
|
@include wininstall.texi
|
|
@end ifclear
|
|
|
|
@node Customizing
|
|
@section Customizing
|
|
@cindex Site initialization
|
|
@cindex Initialization
|
|
@cindex @file{tex-site.el}
|
|
@cindex Personal customization
|
|
@cindex Site customization
|
|
@cindex Customization
|
|
@cindex Customization, personal
|
|
@cindex Customization, site
|
|
Most of the site-specific customization should already have happened
|
|
during configuration of @AUCTeX{}. Any further customization can be
|
|
done with customization buffers directly in Emacs. Just type @kbd{M-x
|
|
customize-group @key{RET} AUCTeX @key{RET}} to open the customization group for
|
|
@AUCTeX{} or use the menu entries provided in the mode menus. Editing
|
|
the file @file{tex-site.el} as suggested in former versions of @AUCTeX{}
|
|
should not be done anymore because the installation routine will
|
|
overwrite those changes.
|
|
|
|
You might check some options with a special significance. They are
|
|
accessible directly by typing @kbd{M-x customize-option @key{RET} <option>
|
|
@key{RET}}.
|
|
|
|
@defopt TeX-macro-global
|
|
Directories containing the site's @TeX{} style files.
|
|
@end defopt
|
|
|
|
Normally, @AUCTeX{} will only allow you to complete macros and
|
|
environments which are built-in, specified in @AUCTeX{} style files or
|
|
defined by yourself. If you issue the @kbd{M-x
|
|
TeX-auto-generate-global} command after loading @AUCTeX{}, you will be
|
|
able to complete on all macros available in the standard style files
|
|
used by your document. To do this, you must set this variable to a list
|
|
of directories where the standard style files are located. The
|
|
directories will be searched recursively, so there is no reason to list
|
|
subdirectories explicitly. Automatic configuration will already have
|
|
set the variable for you if it could use the program @command{kpsewhich}.
|
|
In this case you normally don't have to alter anything.
|
|
|
|
@c Local Variables:
|
|
@c mode: texinfo
|
|
@c TeX-master: "auctex"
|
|
@c End:
|