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README.org

Emacs-Lisp Library for converting S-expressions to TOML

https://github.com/kaushalmodi/tomelr/actions/workflows/test.yml/badge.svg https://elpa.gnu.org/packages/tomelr.svg https://img.shields.io/badge/License-GPL

Installation

tomelr is a library that will typically be auto-installed via another package requiring it.

If you are developing a package and want to use this library, you can install it locally using Emacs package.el as follows as it's available via GNU ELPA:

M-x package-install RET tomelr RET

How to develop using this library

  1. Add this library in the Package-Requires header. Here's an example from ox-hugo:

    ;; Package-Requires: ((emacs "24.4") (org "9.0") tomelr))

  2. Require it.

    (require 'tomelr)

  3. Use the tomelr-encode function.

    Input
    Lisp data expression in Alist or Plist format
    Output
    TOML string

Example

Alist data

Here's an example of input alist that can be processed by tomelr-encode.

'((title . "Some Title") ;String
  (author . ("fn ln"))   ;List
  (description . "some long description\nthat spans multiple\nlines") ;Multi-line string
  (date . 2022-03-14T01:49:00-04:00)    ;RFC 3339 date format
  (tags . ("tag1" "tag2"))
  (draft . "false")                     ;Boolean
  (versions . ((emacs . "28.1.50") (org . "release_9.5-532-gf6813d"))) ;Map or TOML Table
  (org_logbook . (((timestamp . 2022-04-08T14:53:00-04:00) ;Array of maps or TOML Tables
                   (note . "This note addition prompt shows up on typing the `C-c C-z` binding.\nSee [org#Drawers](https://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/manual/html_mono/org.html#Drawers)."))
                  ((timestamp . 2018-09-06T11:45:00-04:00)
                   (note . "Another note **bold** _italics_."))
                  ((timestamp . 2018-09-06T11:37:00-04:00)
                   (note . "A note `mono`.")))))

Plist data

Here's an example of input plist that can be processed by tomelr-encode.

'(:title "Some Title" ;String
  :author ("fn ln")   ;List
  :description "some long description\nthat spans multiple\nlines" ;Multi-line string
  :date 2022-03-14T01:49:00-04:00    ;RFC 3339 date format
  :tags ("tag1" "tag2")
  :draft "false"                     ;Boolean
  :versions (:emacs "28.1.50" :org "release_9.5-532-gf6813d") ;Map or TOML Table
  :org_logbook ((:timestamp 2022-04-08T14:53:00-04:00  ;Array of maps or TOML Tables
                 :note "This note addition prompt shows up on typing the `C-c C-z` binding.\nSee [org#Drawers](https://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/manual/html_mono/org.html#Drawers).")
                (:timestamp 2018-09-06T11:45:00-04:00
                 :note "Another note **bold** _italics_.")
                (:timestamp 2018-09-06T11:37:00-04:00
                 :note "A note `mono`.")))

TOML Output

You will get the below TOML output for either of the above input data:

title = "Some Title"
author = ["fn ln"]
description = """
some long description
that spans multiple
lines"""
date = 2022-03-14T01:49:00-04:00
tags = ["tag1", "tag2"]
draft = false
[versions]
  emacs = "28.1.50"
  org = "release_9.5-532-gf6813d"
[[org_logbook]]
  timestamp = 2022-04-08T14:53:00-04:00
  note = """
This note addition prompt shows up on typing the `C-c C-z` binding.
See [org#Drawers](https://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/manual/html_mono/org.html#Drawers)."""
[[org_logbook]]
  timestamp = 2018-09-06T11:45:00-04:00
  note = "Another note **bold** _italics_."
[[org_logbook]]
  timestamp = 2018-09-06T11:37:00-04:00
  note = "A note `mono`."

Limitations

Right now, the scalars and tables/array of tables does not get ordered in the right order automatically. So the user needs to ensure that the S-exp has all the scalars in the very beginning and then followed by TOML tables and arrays of tables.

Correct Use Example

​✅ Put the scalars first and then maps or tables.

'((title . "Hello")           ;First the scalar
  (img . ((file . "foo.png")  ;Then the map or table
          (credit . "Bar Zoo"))))
title = "Hello"
[img]
  file = "foo.png"
  credit = "Bar Zoo"

Incorrect Use Example

​❌ Don't do this!: Map or table first and then scalar.

'((img . ((file . "foo.png")
          (credit . "Bar Zoo")))
  (title . "Hello"))

Incorrect order! Now the title became part of the [img] table!

[img]
  file = "foo.png"
  credit = "Bar Zoo"
title = "Hello"

Specification and Conversion Examples

Companion blog post

Following examples shown how S-expressions get translated to various TOML object types.

Scalars

DONE Boolean

CLOSED: [2022-04-28 Thu 16:48] https://toml.io/en/v1.0.0#boolean

S-expression 
'((bool1 . t)
  (bool2 . :false))
TOML 
bool1 = true
bool2 = false
JSON Reference 
{
  "bool1": true,
  "bool2": false
}

DONE Integer

CLOSED: [2022-04-28 Thu 17:11] https://toml.io/en/v1.0.0#integer

S-expression 
'((int1 . +99)
  (int2 . 42)
  (int3 . 0)
  (int4 . -17))
TOML 
int1 = 99
int2 = 42
int3 = 0
int4 = -17
JSON Reference 
{
  "int1": 99,
  "int2": 42,
  "int3": 0,
  "int4": -17
}

DONE Float

CLOSED: [2022-04-28 Thu 17:29] https://toml.io/en/v1.0.0#float

S-expression 
'((flt1 . +1.0)
  (flt2 . 3.1415)
  (flt3 . -0.01)
  (flt4 . 5e+22)
  (flt5 . 1e06)
  (flt6 . -2E-2)
  (flt7 . 6.626e-34))
TOML 
flt1 = 1.0
flt2 = 3.1415
flt3 = -0.01
flt4 = 5e+22
flt5 = 1000000.0
flt6 = -0.02
flt7 = 6.626e-34
JSON Reference 
{
  "flt1": 1.0,
  "flt2": 3.1415,
  "flt3": -0.01,
  "flt4": 5e+22,
  "flt5": 1000000.0,
  "flt6": -0.02,
  "flt7": 6.626e-34
}

DONE String

CLOSED: [2022-04-28 Thu 22:10] https://toml.io/en/v1.0.0#string

S-expression 
'((str1 . "Roses are red")
  (str2 . "Roses are red\nViolets are blue"))
TOML 
str1 = "Roses are red"
str2 = """
Roses are red
Violets are blue"""
JSON Reference 
{
  "str1": "Roses are red",
  "str2": "Roses are red\nViolets are blue"
}

DONE Date

CLOSED: [2022-04-28 Thu 22:40] https://toml.io/en/v1.0.0#local-date

S-expression 
'((ld1 . "1979-05-27"))
TOML 
ld1 = 1979-05-27
JSON Reference 
{
  "ld1": "1979-05-27"
}

DONE Date + Time with Offset

CLOSED: [2022-04-28 Thu 22:55] https://toml.io/en/v1.0.0#offset-date-time

S-expression 
'((odt1 . "1979-05-27T07:32:00Z")
  (odt2 . "1979-05-27T00:32:00-07:00")
  (odt3 . "1979-05-27T00:32:00.999999-07:00"))
TOML 
odt1 = 1979-05-27T07:32:00Z
odt2 = 1979-05-27T00:32:00-07:00
odt3 = 1979-05-27T00:32:00.999999-07:00
JSON Reference 
{
  "odt1": "1979-05-27T07:32:00Z",
  "odt2": "1979-05-27T00:32:00-07:00",
  "odt3": "1979-05-27T00:32:00.999999-07:00"
}

DONE Nil

CLOSED: [2022-04-29 Fri 00:11]

S-expression 
'((key1 . 123)
  (key2 . nil)
  (key3 . "abc")
  (key4 . :false)
  (key5 . t))
TOML 
key1 = 123
key3 = "abc"
key4 = false
key5 = true
JSON Reference 
{
  "key1": 123,
  "key2": null,
  "key3": "abc",
  "key4": false,
  "key5": true
}

TOML Arrays: Lists

https://toml.io/en/v1.0.0#array

DONE Plain Arrays

CLOSED: [2022-04-29 Fri 00:25]

S-expression 
'((integers . (1 2 3))
  (integers2 . [1 2 3])                 ;Same as above
  (colors . ("red" "yellow" "green"))
  ;; Mixed-type arrays are allowed
  (numbers . (0.1 0.2 0.5 1 2 5)))
TOML 
integers = [1, 2, 3]
integers2 = [1, 2, 3]
colors = ["red", "yellow", "green"]
numbers = [0.1, 0.2, 0.5, 1, 2, 5]
JSON Reference 
{
  "integers": [
    1,
    2,
    3
  ],
  "integers2": [
    1,
    2,
    3
  ],
  "colors": [
    "red",
    "yellow",
    "green"
  ],
  "numbers": [
    0.1,
    0.2,
    0.5,
    1,
    2,
    5
  ]
}

DONE Array of Arrays

CLOSED: [2022-04-29 Fri 00:34]

S-expression 
'((nested_arrays_of_ints . [(1 2) (3 4 5)])
  (nested_mixed_array . [(1 2) ("a" "b" "c")]))
TOML 
nested_arrays_of_ints = [[1, 2], [3, 4, 5]]
nested_mixed_array = [[1, 2], ["a", "b", "c"]]
JSON Reference 
{
  "nested_arrays_of_ints": [
    [
      1,
      2
    ],
    [
      3,
      4,
      5
    ]
  ],
  "nested_mixed_array": [
    [
      1,
      2
    ],
    [
      "a",
      "b",
      "c"
    ]
  ]
}

TOML Tables: Maps or Dictionaries or Hash Tables

https://toml.io/en/v1.0.0#table

DONE Basic TOML Tables

CLOSED: [2022-04-29 Fri 13:41]

S-expression 
'((table-1 . ((key1 . "some string")
              (key2 . 123)))
  (table-2 . ((key1 . "another string")
              (key2 . 456))))
TOML 
[table-1]
  key1 = "some string"
  key2 = 123
[table-2]
  key1 = "another string"
  key2 = 456
JSON Reference 
{
  "table-1": {
    "key1": "some string",
    "key2": 123
  },
  "table-2": {
    "key1": "another string",
    "key2": 456
  }
}

DONE Nested TOML Tables

CLOSED: [2022-04-29 Fri 14:30]

S-expression 
'((table-1 . ((table-1a . ((key1 . "some string")
                           (key2 . 123)))
              (table-1b . ((key1 . "foo")
                           (key2 . 98765)))))
  (menu . (("auto weight" . ((weight . 4033)
                             (identifier . "foo"))))))
TOML 
[table-1]
  [table-1.table-1a]
    key1 = "some string"
    key2 = 123
  [table-1.table-1b]
    key1 = "foo"
    key2 = 98765
[menu]
  [menu."auto weight"]
    weight = 4033
    identifier = "foo"
JSON Reference 
{
  "table-1": {
    "table-1a": {
      "key1": "some string",
      "key2": 123
    },
    "table-1b": {
      "key1": "foo",
      "key2": 98765
    }
  },
  "menu": {
    "auto weight": {
      "weight": 4033,
      "identifier": "foo"
    }
  }
}

TOML Array of Tables: Lists of Maps

https://toml.io/en/v1.0.0#array-of-tables

DONE Basic Array of Tables

CLOSED: [2022-04-29 Fri 18:14]

S-expression 
'((products . (((name . "Hammer")
                (sku . 738594937))
               ()
               ((name . "Nail")
                (sku . 284758393)
                (color . "gray"))))
  (org_logbook . (((timestamp . 2022-04-08T14:53:00-04:00)
                   (note . "This note addition prompt shows up on typing the `C-c C-z` binding.\nSee [org#Drawers](https://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/manual/html_mono/org.html#Drawers)."))
                  ((timestamp . 2018-09-06T11:45:00-04:00)
                   (note . "Another note **bold** _italics_."))
                  ((timestamp . 2018-09-06T11:37:00-04:00)
                   (note . "A note `mono`.")))))
TOML 
[[products]]
  name = "Hammer"
  sku = 738594937
[[products]]
[[products]]
  name = "Nail"
  sku = 284758393
  color = "gray"
[[org_logbook]]
  timestamp = 2022-04-08T14:53:00-04:00
  note = """
This note addition prompt shows up on typing the `C-c C-z` binding.
See [org#Drawers](https://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/manual/html_mono/org.html#Drawers)."""
[[org_logbook]]
  timestamp = 2018-09-06T11:45:00-04:00
  note = "Another note **bold** _italics_."
[[org_logbook]]
  timestamp = 2018-09-06T11:37:00-04:00
  note = "A note `mono`."
JSON Reference 
{
  "products": [
    {
      "name": "Hammer",
      "sku": 738594937
    },
    null,
    {
      "name": "Nail",
      "sku": 284758393,
      "color": "gray"
    }
  ],
  "org_logbook": [
    {
      "timestamp": "2022-04-08T14:53:00-04:00",
      "note": "This note addition prompt shows up on typing the `C-c C-z` binding.\nSee [org#Drawers](https://www.gnu.org/software/emacs/manual/html_mono/org.html#Drawers)."
    },
    {
      "timestamp": "2018-09-06T11:45:00-04:00",
      "note": "Another note **bold** _italics_."
    },
    {
      "timestamp": "2018-09-06T11:37:00-04:00",
      "note": "A note `mono`."
    }
  ]
}

DONE Nested Array of Tables

CLOSED: [2022-04-30 Sat 01:32]

S-expression 
'((fruits . (((name . "apple")
              (physical . ((color . "red")
                           (shape . "round")))
              (varieties . (((name . "red delicious"))
                            ((name . "granny smith")))))
             ((name . "banana")
              (varieties . (((name . "plantain"))))))))
TOML 
[[fruits]]
  name = "apple"
  [fruits.physical]
    color = "red"
    shape = "round"
  [[fruits.varieties]]
    name = "red delicious"
  [[fruits.varieties]]
    name = "granny smith"
[[fruits]]
  name = "banana"
  [[fruits.varieties]]
    name = "plantain"
JSON Reference 
{
  "fruits": [
    {
      "name": "apple",
      "physical": {
        "color": "red",
        "shape": "round"
      },
      "varieties": [
        {
          "name": "red delicious"
        },
        {
          "name": "granny smith"
        }
      ]
    },
    {
      "name": "banana",
      "varieties": [
        {
          "name": "plantain"
        }
      ]
    }
  ]
}

DONE Combinations of all of the above

CLOSED: [2022-05-02 Mon 10:29]

S-expression 

'((title . "Keyword Collection")
  (author . ("firstname1 lastname1" "firstname2 lastname2" "firstname3 lastname3"))
  (aliases . ("/posts/keyword-concatenation" "/posts/keyword-merging"))
  (images . ("image 1" "image 2"))
  (keywords . ("keyword1" "keyword2" "three word keywords3"))
  (outputs . ("html" "json"))
  (series . ("series 1" "series 2"))
  (tags . ("mega front-matter" "keys" "collection" "concatenation" "merging"))
  (categories . ("cat1" "cat2"))
  (videos . ("video 1" "video 2"))
  (draft . :false)
  (categories_weight . 999)
  (tags_weight . 88)
  (weight . 7)
  (myfoo . "bar")
  (mybaz . "zoo")
  (alpha . 1)
  (beta . "two words")
  (gamma . 10)
  (animals . ("dog" "cat" "penguin" "mountain gorilla"))
  (strings-symbols . ("abc" "def" "two words"))
  (integers . (123 -5 17 1234))
  (floats . (12.3 -5.0 -1.7e-05))
  (booleans . (t :false))
  (dog . ((legs . 4)
          (eyes . 2)
          (friends . ("poo" "boo"))))
  (header . ((image . "projects/Readingabook.jpg")
             (caption . "stay hungry stay foolish")))
  (collection . ((nothing . :false)
                 (nonnil . t)
                 (animals . ("dog" "cat" "penguin" "mountain gorilla"))
                 (strings-symbols . ("abc" "def" "two words"))
                 (integers . (123 -5 17 1234))
                 (floats . (12.3 -5.0 -1.7e-05))
                 (booleans . (t :false))))
  (menu . ((foo . ((identifier . "keyword-collection")
                   (weight . 10)))))
  (resources . (((src . "*.png")
                 (name . "my-cool-image-:counter")
                 (title . "The Image #:counter")
                 (params . ((foo . "bar")
                            (floats . (12.3 -5.0 -1.7e-05))
                            (strings-symbols . ("abc" "def" "two words"))
                            (animals . ("dog" "cat" "penguin" "mountain gorilla"))
                            (integers . (123 -5 17 1234))
                            (booleans . (t :false))
                            (byline . "bep"))))
                ((src . "image-4.png")
                 (title . "The Fourth Image"))
                ((src . "*.jpg")
                 (title . "JPEG Image #:counter")))))

TOML 

title = "Keyword Collection"
author = ["firstname1 lastname1", "firstname2 lastname2", "firstname3 lastname3"]
aliases = ["/posts/keyword-concatenation", "/posts/keyword-merging"]
images = ["image 1", "image 2"]
keywords = ["keyword1", "keyword2", "three word keywords3"]
outputs = ["html", "json"]
series = ["series 1", "series 2"]
tags = ["mega front-matter", "keys", "collection", "concatenation", "merging"]
categories = ["cat1", "cat2"]
videos = ["video 1", "video 2"]
draft = false
categories_weight = 999
tags_weight = 88
weight = 7
myfoo = "bar"
mybaz = "zoo"
alpha = 1
beta = "two words"
gamma = 10
animals = ["dog", "cat", "penguin", "mountain gorilla"]
strings-symbols = ["abc", "def", "two words"]
integers = [123, -5, 17, 1234]
floats = [12.3, -5.0, -1.7e-05]
booleans = [true, false]
[dog]
  legs = 4
  eyes = 2
  friends = ["poo", "boo"]
[header]
  image = "projects/Readingabook.jpg"
  caption = "stay hungry stay foolish"
[collection]
  nothing = false
  nonnil = true
  animals = ["dog", "cat", "penguin", "mountain gorilla"]
  strings-symbols = ["abc", "def", "two words"]
  integers = [123, -5, 17, 1234]
  floats = [12.3, -5.0, -1.7e-05]
  booleans = [true, false]
[menu]
  [menu.foo]
    identifier = "keyword-collection"
    weight = 10
[[resources]]
  src = "*.png"
  name = "my-cool-image-:counter"
  title = "The Image #:counter"
  [resources.params]
    foo = "bar"
    floats = [12.3, -5.0, -1.7e-05]
    strings-symbols = ["abc", "def", "two words"]
    animals = ["dog", "cat", "penguin", "mountain gorilla"]
    integers = [123, -5, 17, 1234]
    booleans = [true, false]
    byline = "bep"
[[resources]]
  src = "image-4.png"
  title = "The Fourth Image"
[[resources]]
  src = "*.jpg"
  title = "JPEG Image #:counter"

JSON Reference 

{
  "title": "Keyword Collection",
  "author": [
    "firstname1 lastname1",
    "firstname2 lastname2",
    "firstname3 lastname3"
  ],
  "aliases": [
    "/posts/keyword-concatenation",
    "/posts/keyword-merging"
  ],
  "images": [
    "image 1",
    "image 2"
  ],
  "keywords": [
    "keyword1",
    "keyword2",
    "three word keywords3"
  ],
  "outputs": [
    "html",
    "json"
  ],
  "series": [
    "series 1",
    "series 2"
  ],
  "tags": [
    "mega front-matter",
    "keys",
    "collection",
    "concatenation",
    "merging"
  ],
  "categories": [
    "cat1",
    "cat2"
  ],
  "videos": [
    "video 1",
    "video 2"
  ],
  "draft": false,
  "categories_weight": 999,
  "tags_weight": 88,
  "weight": 7,
  "myfoo": "bar",
  "mybaz": "zoo",
  "alpha": 1,
  "beta": "two words",
  "gamma": 10,
  "animals": [
    "dog",
    "cat",
    "penguin",
    "mountain gorilla"
  ],
  "strings-symbols": [
    "abc",
    "def",
    "two words"
  ],
  "integers": [
    123,
    -5,
    17,
    1234
  ],
  "floats": [
    12.3,
    -5.0,
    -1.7e-05
  ],
  "booleans": [
    true,
    false
  ],
  "dog": {
    "legs": 4,
    "eyes": 2,
    "friends": [
      "poo",
      "boo"
    ]
  },
  "header": {
    "image": "projects/Readingabook.jpg",
    "caption": "stay hungry stay foolish"
  },
  "collection": {
    "nothing": false,
    "nonnil": true,
    "animals": [
      "dog",
      "cat",
      "penguin",
      "mountain gorilla"
    ],
    "strings-symbols": [
      "abc",
      "def",
      "two words"
    ],
    "integers": [
      123,
      -5,
      17,
      1234
    ],
    "floats": [
      12.3,
      -5.0,
      -1.7e-05
    ],
    "booleans": [
      true,
      false
    ]
  },
  "menu": {
    "foo": {
      "identifier": "keyword-collection",
      "weight": 10
    }
  },
  "resources": [
    {
      "src": "*.png",
      "name": "my-cool-image-:counter",
      "title": "The Image #:counter",
      "params": {
        "foo": "bar",
        "floats": [
          12.3,
          -5.0,
          -1.7e-05
        ],
        "strings-symbols": [
          "abc",
          "def",
          "two words"
        ],
        "animals": [
          "dog",
          "cat",
          "penguin",
          "mountain gorilla"
        ],
        "integers": [
          123,
          -5,
          17,
          1234
        ],
        "booleans": [
          true,
          false
        ],
        "byline": "bep"
      }
    },
    {
      "src": "image-4.png",
      "title": "The Fourth Image"
    },
    {
      "src": "*.jpg",
      "title": "JPEG Image #:counter"
    }
  ]
}

DONE P-lists

CLOSED: [2022-04-30 Sat 01:55]

S-expression 
'(:int 123
  :remove_this_key  nil
  :str "abc"
  :bool_false :false
  :bool_true t
  :int_list (1 2 3)
  :str_list ("a" "b" "c")
  :bool_list (t :false t :false)
  :list_of_lists [(1 2) (3 4 5)]
  :map (:key1 123
        :key2 "xyz")
  :list_of_maps [(:key1 123
                  :key2 "xyz")
                 (:key1 567
                  :key2 "klm")])
TOML 
int = 123
str = "abc"
bool_false = false
bool_true = true
int_list = [1, 2, 3]
str_list = ["a", "b", "c"]
bool_list = [true, false, true, false]
list_of_lists = [[1, 2], [3, 4, 5]]
[map]
  key1 = 123
  key2 = "xyz"
[[list_of_maps]]
  key1 = 123
  key2 = "xyz"
[[list_of_maps]]
  key1 = 567
  key2 = "klm"
JSON Reference 
{
  "int": 123,
  "remove_this_key": null,
  "str": "abc",
  "bool_false": false,
  "bool_true": true,
  "int_list": [
    1,
    2,
    3
  ],
  "str_list": [
    "a",
    "b",
    "c"
  ],
  "bool_list": [
    true,
    false,
    true,
    false
  ],
  "list_of_lists": [
    [
      1,
      2
    ],
    [
      3,
      4,
      5
    ]
  ],
  "map": {
    "key1": 123,
    "key2": "xyz"
  },
  "list_of_maps": [
    {
      "key1": 123,
      "key2": "xyz"
    },
    {
      "key1": 567,
      "key2": "klm"
    }
  ]
}

Development

Running Tests

Run all tests 

make test

Run tests matching a specific string

Run make test MATCH=<string>. For example, to run all tests where the name matches "scalar" completely or partially, run:

make test MATCH=scalar

Credit

This library started off by extracting the JSON Encoding pieces from the Emacs core library json.el.

It was then refactored to meet the specification defined below.

COMMENT Helper function

JSON Reference pretty print string

The json-encode-pretty function defined here is used to pretty-print the above JSON examples.

(defun json-encode-pretty (object)
  "Return prettified JSONified version of OBJECT."
  (with-temp-buffer
    (let ((json-false :false)
          (json-encoding-pretty-print t))
      (json-encode object))))

References

COMMENT Local Variables   ARCHIVE