emacs/elpa/use-package-20230426.2324/use-package.info

This is use-package.info, produced by makeinfo version 6.7 from
use-package.texi.

This manual is for use-package, a configuration macro for simplifying
your init file.

   Copyright © 2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

     Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
     document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License,
     Version 1.3 or any later version published by the Free Software
     Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, with the Front-Cover Texts
     being “A GNU Manual”, and with the Back-Cover Texts as in (a)
     below.  A copy of the license is included in the section entitled
     “GNU Free Documentation License”.

     (a) The FSF’s Back-Cover Text is: “You have the freedom to copy and
     modify this GNU manual.”
INFO-DIR-SECTION Emacs misc features
START-INFO-DIR-ENTRY
* use-package: (use-package). Declarative package configuration for Emacs.
END-INFO-DIR-ENTRY


File: use-package.info,  Node: Top,  Next: Basic Concepts,  Up: (dir)

use-package User Manual
***********************

The ‘use-package’ macro allows you to isolate package customization in
your init file in a declarative way.  It takes care of a lot of things
for you that would otherwise require a lot of repetitive boilerplate
code.  It can help with common customization, such as binding keys,
setting up hooks, customizing user options and faces, autoloading, and
more.  It also helps you keep Emacs startup fast, even when you use many
(even hundreds) of packages.

   Note that use-package is not a package manager.  Although use-package
does have the useful capability to interface with the Emacs package
manager, its primary purpose is for the configuration and loading of
packages.

   This manual is for use-package, a configuration macro for simplifying
your init file.

   Copyright © 2022 Free Software Foundation, Inc.

     Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
     document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License,
     Version 1.3 or any later version published by the Free Software
     Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, with the Front-Cover Texts
     being “A GNU Manual”, and with the Back-Cover Texts as in (a)
     below.  A copy of the license is included in the section entitled
     “GNU Free Documentation License”.

     (a) The FSF’s Back-Cover Text is: “You have the freedom to copy and
     modify this GNU manual.”

* Menu:

* Basic Concepts::              Basic concepts of use-package.
* Getting Started::             A gentle introduction to use-package.
* Loading Packages::            How and when packages are loaded.
* Configuring Packages::        Package configuration keywords.
* Installing packages::         Ensuring packages are available.
* Byte-compiling::              Byte-compiling your init file.
* Troubleshooting::             What to do when there’s trouble.

Appendices
* Keyword extensions::          Adding new use-package keywords.
* History::                     History and acknowledgments.
* GNU Free Documentation License::  The license for this manual.
* Index::


File: use-package.info,  Node: Basic Concepts,  Next: Getting Started,  Prev: Top,  Up: Top

1 Basic Concepts
****************

use-package provides the ‘use-package’ macro, that simplifies the
customization and use of packages in Emacs.  It was created for a few
basic reasons, each of which drove the design.  Understanding these
reasons may help make some of those decisions clearer:

  1. To gather all configuration details of a package into one place,
     making it easier to copy, disable, or move it elsewhere in the init
     file.

  2. To reduce duplication and boilerplate, capturing several common
     practices as mere keywords both easy and intuitive to use.

  3. To make startup time of Emacs as quick as possible, without
     sacrificing the quantity of add-on packages used.

  4. To make it so errors encountered during startup disable only the
     package raising the error, and as little else as possible, leaving
     as close to a functional Emacs as possible.

  5. To allow byte-compilation of one’s init file so that any warnings
     or errors seen are meaningful.  In this way, even if
     byte-compilation is not used for speed (reason 3), it can still be
     used as a sanity check.

   It is worth noting that use-package is not intended to replace the
standard ‘M-x customize’.  On the contrary, it is designed to work
together with it, for things that customize cannot do.


File: use-package.info,  Node: Getting Started,  Next: Loading Packages,  Prev: Basic Concepts,  Up: Top

2 Getting Started
*****************

This chapter provides instructions and examples for quickly getting
started with use-package.  The first thing you need to do is make sure
that ‘use-package’ itself is loaded.  To do that, put this at the top of
your init file:

     (require 'use-package)

   The above makes the ‘use-macro’ for in the rest of your init file.
In this manual, we call each call to ‘use-macro’ a “declaration”, to
highlight the declarative nature of its semantic.

   To unconditionally load a package named ‘foo’, add the following
declaration to your init file:

     (use-package foo)

This declaration is equivalent to using ‘require’, with some use-package
specific error handling added in.  Just like require, it needs the
package ‘foo’ to be installed and available in your ‘load-path’ (*note
Installing packages::).

   To evaluate Lisp code _before_ the ‘foo’ package is loaded, use the
‘:init’ keyword:

     (use-package foo
       :init
       (setq foo-variable t))

   Similarly, ‘:config’ can be used to execute code _after_ a package is
loaded.  In cases where loading is done lazily (*note Loading
Packages::), this execution is deferred until after the autoload occurs.
As you might expect, you can use ‘:init’ and ‘:config’ together:

     (use-package foo
       :init
       (setq foo-variable t)
       :config
       (foo-mode 1))

   The above declarations will all load the ‘foo’ package immediately.
In most cases, this is not necessary or desirable, as that will slow
down Emacs startup.  Instead, you should try to set things up so that
packages are only loaded when they are actually needed (autoloading).
If you have installed a package from GNU ELPA that provides it’s own
autoloads, it is often enough to say:

     (use-package foo
       :defer t)

This will avoid loading the package.  Now, when you run any autoloaded
command, the package ‘foo’ is loaded automatically.  Package authors
will make their own decisions about which commands are marked to
autoload by default.

   In some cases, you might need or want to provide your own autoloads.
The below more complex example autoloads the commands ‘isearch-moccur’
and ‘isearch-all’ from ‘color-moccur.el’, and binds keys both globally
and in ‘isearch-mode-map’.  When one of these commands are used, the
package is loaded.  At that point, ‘moccur-edit’ is also loaded, to
allow editing of the ‘moccur’ buffer.

     (use-package color-moccur
       :commands (isearch-moccur isearch-all)
       :bind (("M-s O" . moccur)
              :map isearch-mode-map
              ("M-o" . isearch-moccur)
              ("M-O" . isearch-moccur-all))
       :init
       (setq isearch-lazy-highlight t)
       :config
       (use-package moccur-edit))

   Some packages will suggest ready-made ‘use-package’ declarations that
you can use.  Where possible, it is a good idea to copy them, and use
that as a starting point.

   That should be enough to get you started!


File: use-package.info,  Node: Loading Packages,  Next: Configuring Packages,  Prev: Getting Started,  Up: Top

3 Loading Packages
******************

Before use-package can load an Emacs Lisp package, it must be available
in a directory on your ‘load-path’.  When you install packages using the
built-in ‘install-package’ command, it will do this automatically for
you.  Packages shipped with Emacs (built-in packages) are always
available.

   If you install packages manually, you must make sure they are
available on your ‘load-path’.  *Note (emacs)Lisp Libraries:: for
details.

   Some packages have more than one library.  In those cases, you might
need more than one ‘use-package’ declaration to make sure it is properly
loaded.  For complex configurations, you might also need more than one
declaration for a package with the same name.

   use-package can interface with ‘package.el’ to install packages on
Emacs start.  *Note Installing packages:: for details.

* Menu:

* Loading basics::              How and when packages are loaded.
* Deferring loading::           Loading packages later.
* Forcing loading::             Loading packages immediately.
* Conditional loading::         Loading packages conditionally.
* Loading sequentially::        Loading packages in sequence.
* Load dependencies::           Don’t load without dependencies.
* Load path::                   Using a custom ‘load-path’.
* Manual autoloads::            Setting up autoloads manually.


File: use-package.info,  Node: Loading basics,  Next: Deferring loading,  Up: Loading Packages

3.1 How and when use-package loads packages
===========================================

The ‘use-package’ macro either will either load a package immediately,
or when they are first used (autoloading).  In the simplest case, a
‘use-package’ declaration loads a package when it is evaluated.(1)  If
the declaration is in your init file, this happens automatically each
time Emacs is started.

   For example, the below declaration immediately loads the library
‘foo’, just like ‘require’ would.  If the library ‘foo’ is not available
in your ‘load-path’, it logs a warning to the ‘*Messages*’ buffer:

     (use-package foo)

   Note that a “package” is different from an Emacs Lisp “library”.  The
above declaration tells use-package to load the _library_ ‘foo.el’,
which the overwhelming majority of cases also resides in a _package_
named ‘foo’.  But the ‘foo’ package might also contain a library named
‘foo-extra.el’.  If that library is not loaded automatically, you will
need a separate ‘use-package’ declaration to make sure that it is.  This
manual will often use these terms interchangeably, as this distinction
does not usually matter, but you should keep it in mind for the cases
when it does.

   The details of how and when you should load a package might differ
from one package to another.  When in doubt, refer to the package
documentation for details.

   ---------- Footnotes ----------

   (1) This happens both at run-time and at compile-time.  *Note
Byte-compiling::.


File: use-package.info,  Node: Deferring loading,  Next: Forcing loading,  Prev: Loading basics,  Up: Loading Packages

3.2 Deferring package loading
=============================

In the examples we have seen so far, use-package loads packages every
time you start Emacs, even if that package is never used.  That will
make starting Emacs slower.  use-package therefore tries to set things
up in such a way that it only loads packages when a command is first
used (either with ‘M-x’ or some key binding).  This is based on
autoloading, a full description of which is outside the scope of this
manual.  *Note (elisp)Autoload:: for the full story.

   Some ‘use-package’ keywords provide autoload “triggers” that cause a
package to be loaded when certain events occur.  For example, the
‘:hook’ keyword sets up a trigger that fires when the specified hook is
run, and then loads the package automatically.  The other trigger
keywords, all of which are described later in this manual, are
‘:commands’, ‘:bind’, ‘:bind*’, ‘:bind-keymap’, ‘:bind-keymap*’,
‘:mode’, and ‘:interpreter’.

The ‘:defer’ keyword
--------------------

If you did not specify any autoloading keyword, use-package will fall
back to loading the package immediately (typically when Emacs is
starting up).  This can be overridden using the ‘:defer’ keyword.  It
takes one boolean argument: a non-‘nil’ value means to stop this package
from being immediately loaded.  Here is an example of using ‘:defer’ to
postpone loading the package ‘foo’:

     (use-package foo
       :defer t)

   Using ‘:defer t’ by itself like this is rarely useful.  Typically,
you would only use it together with a keyword like ‘:config’ (*note Lisp
Configuration::), or ‘:ensure’ (*note Installing packages::).

Defer loading until idle for N seconds
--------------------------------------

You can also give a numeric argument N to ‘:defer’ to specify that a
package should be loaded (if it hasn’t already) after Emacs has been
idle for N seconds.  For example, use this to make use-package load
‘foo’ after 30 seconds of idle time:

     (use-package foo
       :defer 30)

When to use ‘:defer’
--------------------

When using autoloading keywords, there is no need to also use ‘:defer’.
It doesn’t hurt anything to add it in this case, perhaps for extra
clarity, but it is redundant.

   You should use ‘:defer’ to force deferred loading, in cases when
use-package isn’t creating any autoloads for you.  For example, you
might know that some other package will already do something to cause
your package to load at the appropriate time.  This is usually the case
when you install a package using ‘package-install’, as packages
installed in this way normally always have their own autoloads already
set up.

Making ‘:defer t’ the default
-----------------------------

If you customize the user option ‘use-package-always-defer’ to
non-‘nil’, the ‘use-package’ macro will behave as if ‘:defer t’ is
always specified.  This can be overridden for individual declarations
using either ‘:defer nil’ or ‘:demand t’ (*note Forcing loading::).


File: use-package.info,  Node: Forcing loading,  Next: Conditional loading,  Prev: Deferring loading,  Up: Loading Packages

3.3 Forcing package to load immediately
=======================================

The presence of autoloading trigger keywords can be overridden using
‘:demand t’, which forces the package to load immediately.  Thus, even
if you use an autoloading keyword such as ‘:bind’ (*note Key
bindings::), adding ‘:demand’ will force loading to occur immediately.
It will also avoid creating an autoload for the bound key, as it would
be redundant.

   If you specify both ‘:demand t’ and ‘:defer t’, the ‘:defer’ keyword
will take precedence.


File: use-package.info,  Node: Conditional loading,  Next: Loading sequentially,  Prev: Forcing loading,  Up: Loading Packages

3.4 Loading packages conditionally
==================================

The ‘:if’, ‘:when’, and ‘:unless’ keywords predicates the loading and
initialization of packages.  They all accept one argument, an Emacs Lisp
form that is evaluated at run-time.

   If the argument of the ‘:if’ keyword evaluates to non-‘nil’, the
package will be loaded and initialized.  The ‘:when’ keyword is provided
as an alias for ‘:if’.  Finally, the ‘:unless’ keyword is the inverse of
‘:if’, such that ‘:unless foo’ means the same thing as ‘:if (not foo)’.

   For example, if you only want to load ‘foo’ in graphical Emacs
sessions, you could use the following:

     (use-package foo
       :if (display-graphic-p))

Some common use cases
---------------------

Here are some common cases for conditional loading, and how to achieve
them.

   • Operating system

     This example loads a package only on GNU/Linux.  See the
     ‘system-type’ docstring for other valid values.

          :if (eq system-type 'gnu/linux)

   • Window system

     This example loads a package only on macOS and X. See the
     ‘window-system’ docstring for valid values.

          :if (memq window-system '(ns x))

   • Installed package

     This example loads a package only when the ‘foo’ package is
     installed.

          :if (package-installed-p 'foo)

   • Libraries in ‘load-path’

     This example loads a package only when ‘foo.el’ is available in
     your ‘load-path’ (for example, if you installed that file
     manually):

          :if (locate-library "foo.el")

Making conditional loading affect ‘:preface’ and ‘:ensure’
----------------------------------------------------------

If you need to conditionalize a use-package form so that the condition
occurs before even ‘:ensure’ or ‘:preface’, use ‘when’ around the
use-package form itself.  For example:

     (when (memq window-system '(mac ns))
       (use-package foo
         :ensure t))


File: use-package.info,  Node: Loading sequentially,  Next: Load dependencies,  Prev: Conditional loading,  Up: Loading Packages

3.5 Loading packages in sequence
================================

Sometimes it only makes sense to configure a package after another one
has been loaded, because certain variables or functions are not in scope
until that time.  This can achieved with the ‘:after’ keyword, which
allows a fairly rich description of the exact conditions when loading
should occur.  It takes either a symbol indicating the package name, a
list of such symbols, or a list of selectors (see below).

   Here is an example of using the GNU ELPA packages hydra, ivy, and
ivy-hydra.  Note that ivy-hydra will always be loaded last:

     (use-package hydra)

     (use-package ivy)

     (use-package ivy-hydra
       :after (ivy hydra))

   In this case, because the declarations are evaluated in the order
they occur, the use of ‘:after’ is not strictly necessary.  However, if
‘hydra’ and ‘ivy’ were to be autoloaded, using ‘:after’ guarantees that
‘ivy-hydra’ is not loaded until it is actually needed.  By using
‘:after’, the above code will also work even if the order of the
declaration changes.  This means that moving things around in your init
file is less likely to break things.

Using ‘:after’ selectors
------------------------

The ‘:after’ keyword also accepts a list of selectors.  By default,
‘:after (foo bar)’ is the same as ‘:after (:all foo bar)’, meaning that
loading of the given package will not happen until both ‘foo’ and ‘bar’
have been loaded.  Here are some of the other possibilities:

:after (foo bar)
:after (:all foo bar)
:after (:any foo bar)
:after (:all (:any foo bar) (:any baz quux))
:after (:any (:all foo bar) (:all baz quux))

   When you nest selectors, such as ‘(:any (:all foo bar) (:all baz
quux))’, it means that the package will be loaded when either both ‘foo’
and ‘bar’ have been loaded, or when both ‘baz’ and ‘quux’ have been
loaded.

   Pay attention when setting ‘use-package-always-defer’ to a non-‘nil’
value, and also using the ‘:after’ keyword.  In this case, you will need
to specify how the declared package is to be loaded: for example, by
some ‘:bind’.  If you are not using one of the keywords that registers
autoloads, such as ‘:bind’ or ‘:hook’, and your package manager does not
provide autoloads, it is possible that your package will never be loaded
if you do not add ‘:demand t’ to those declarations.


File: use-package.info,  Node: Load dependencies,  Next: Load path,  Prev: Loading sequentially,  Up: Loading Packages

3.6 Prevent loading if dependencies are missing
===============================================

While the ‘:after’ keyword delays loading until the dependencies are
loaded, the somewhat simpler ‘:requires’ keyword _never_ loads the
package if the dependencies are not available when the ‘use-package’
declaration is evaluated.  In this context, “available” means that ‘foo’
is available if ‘(featurep 'foo)’ evaluates to a non-‘nil’ value.  For
example:

     (use-package abbrev
       :requires foo)

   This is the same as:

     (use-package abbrev
       :if (featurep 'foo))

   As a convenience, a list of such packages may be specified:

     (use-package abbrev
       :requires (foo bar baz))

   For more complex logic, such as that supported by ‘:after’, simply
use ‘:if’ and the appropriate Lisp expression.


File: use-package.info,  Node: Load path,  Next: Manual autoloads,  Prev: Load dependencies,  Up: Loading Packages

3.7 Setting a custom ‘load-path’
================================

If a package resides in some directory that is not in your ‘load-path’,
use the ‘:load-path’ keyword to add it.  It takes a symbol, a function,
a string or a list of strings.  If the path is relative, it is expanded
within ‘user-emacs-directory’.

   For example:

     (use-package ess-site
       :load-path "site-lisp/ess/lisp/"
       :commands R)

   Note that when using a symbol or a function to provide a dynamically
generated list of paths, you must inform the byte-compiler of this
definition so that the value is available at byte-compilation time.
This is done by using the special form ‘eval-and-compile’ (as opposed to
‘eval-when-compile’).  Further, this value is fixed at whatever was
determined during compilation, to avoid looking up the same information
again on each startup.  For example:

     (eval-and-compile
       (defun ess-site-load-path ()
         (shell-command "find ~ -path ess/lisp")))

     (use-package ess-site
       :load-path (lambda () (list (ess-site-load-path)))
       :commands R)


File: use-package.info,  Node: Manual autoloads,  Prev: Load path,  Up: Loading Packages

3.8 Setting up autoloads manually
=================================

To autoload an interactive command, use the ‘:commands’ keyword.  When
you use the ‘:commands’ keyword, it creates autoloads for those commands
(which defers loading of the module until they are used).  The
‘:commands’ keyword takes either a symbol or a list of symbols.

   The ‘:autoload’ keyword works like ‘:commands’, but is used to
autoload non-interactive functions.  Here is an example:

     (use-package org-crypt
       :autoload org-crypt-use-before-save-magic)


File: use-package.info,  Node: Configuring Packages,  Next: Installing packages,  Prev: Loading Packages,  Up: Top

4 Configuring Packages
**********************

This chapter describes the various keywords provided by ‘use-package’
that helps you configure packages.

* Menu:

* Lisp Configuration::          Using Lisp to configure packages.
* Key bindings::                Making your own keybindings.
* Hooks::                       Adding functions to hooks.
* Modes and interpreters::      Enabling modes automatically.
* Magic handlers::              Using regexps to enable modes.
* User options::                Setting user options.
* Faces::                       Customizing faces.
* Hiding minor modes::          Tidying up the mode line.


File: use-package.info,  Node: Lisp Configuration,  Next: Key bindings,  Up: Configuring Packages

4.1 Using Lisp code for configuring packages
============================================

The most general way to add customizations are the ‘:preface’, ‘:init’,
and ‘:config’ keywords.  They all accept one or more Emacs Lisp forms,
up to the next keyword, that are evaluated in order.  This lets you add
arbitrary Lisp code to your ‘use-package’ declarations.

   The only difference between these keywords is when they are
evaluated.

* Menu:

* Preface keyword::             Evaluate code before anything else.
* Init keyword::                Evaluate code before loading package.
* Config keyword::              Evaluate code after loading package.
* Best practices::              When to use ‘:config’, ‘:init’, and ‘:preface’.


File: use-package.info,  Node: Preface keyword,  Next: Init keyword,  Up: Lisp Configuration

4.1.1 ‘:preface’ is evaluated first
-----------------------------------

The ‘:preface’ section is evaluated before anything else, except
‘:disabled’ and ‘:ensure’.  It can be used to establish function and
variable definitions that will:

  1. Make the byte-compiler happy.  It will not complain about functions
     whose definitions are unknown because you have them within a guard
     block.

  2. Define code that can be used in an ‘:if’ test.

   Note that whatever is specified within ‘:preface’ is evaluated both
at load time and at byte-compilation time, in order to ensure that
definitions are seen by both the Lisp evaluator and the byte-compiler.
Therefore, you should avoid having any side-effects in your preface, and
restrict it to symbol declarations and definitions.


File: use-package.info,  Node: Init keyword,  Next: Config keyword,  Prev: Preface keyword,  Up: Lisp Configuration

4.1.2 ‘:init’ is evaluated before loading package
-------------------------------------------------

The ‘:init’ section is evaluated just before the package is loaded.
Note that the ‘:init’ form is run unconditionally – even if the ‘foo’
package happens to not exist on your system.  You must therefore
remember to restrict ‘:init’ code to only what would succeed either way.
‘:init’ also always happens before package load, whether ‘:config’ has
been deferred or not.


File: use-package.info,  Node: Config keyword,  Next: Best practices,  Prev: Init keyword,  Up: Lisp Configuration

4.1.3 ‘:config’ is evaluated after loading package
--------------------------------------------------

The ‘:config’ section is evaluated after the package has been loaded.
If the package is loaded immediately, this happens immediately after
that, but if loading is done lazily (*note Loading Packages::), this is
deferred until after the package has been loaded.

   In general, you should keep ‘:init’ forms as simple and quick as
possible, and put as much as you can get away with into the ‘:config’
section.  That way, deferred loading can help your Emacs start as
quickly as possible.


File: use-package.info,  Node: Best practices,  Prev: Config keyword,  Up: Lisp Configuration

When to use ‘:preface’, ‘:config’ and ‘:init’?
----------------------------------------------

Where possible, it is better to avoid ‘:preface’, ‘:config’ and ‘:init’.
Instead, prefer autoloading keywords such as ‘:bind’, ‘:hook’, and
‘:mode’, as they will take care of setting up autoloads for you without
any need for boilerplate code.  For example, consider the following
declaration:

     (use-package foo
       :init
       (add-hook 'some-hook 'foo-mode))

   This has two problems.  First, it will unconditionally load the
package ‘foo’ on startup, which will make things slower.  You can fix
this by adding ‘:defer t’:

     (use-package foo
       :defer t
       :init
       (add-hook 'some-hook 'foo-mode))

   This is better, as ‘foo’ is now only loaded when it is actually
needed (that is, when the hook ‘some-hook’ is run).

   The second problem is that there is a lot of boilerplate that you
have to write.  In this case, it might not be so bad, but avoiding that
was what use-package was made to avoid.  The better option in this case
is therefore to use ‘:hook’ (*Note Hooks::), which also implies
‘:defer t’.  The above is thereby reduced down to:

     (use-package foo
       :hook some-hook)

   use-package will set up autoloading for you, and your Emacs startup
time will not suffer one bit.


File: use-package.info,  Node: Key bindings,  Next: Hooks,  Prev: Lisp Configuration,  Up: Configuring Packages

4.2 Key bindings
================

One common thing to do when loading a package is to bind a key to
commands within that module.  Without use-package, this would be done
using a combination of ‘keymap-local-set’, ‘keymap-global-set’ and
various autoloads.  With use-package, you can simplify this using the
‘:bind’ keyword.

* Menu:

* Global keybindings::          Bindings you can use anywhere.
* Binding in keymaps::          Bindings for particular modes.
* Binding to a keymap::         Binding a key to a keymap.
* Binding to repeat-maps::      Binding repeating keys.
* Displaying keybindings::      Displaying personal key bindings.


File: use-package.info,  Node: Global keybindings,  Next: Binding in keymaps,  Up: Key bindings

4.2.1 Global keybindings
------------------------

To bind keys globally, the ‘:bind’ keyword takes as its argument either
a single cons or a list of conses.  Each cons has the form
‘(KEY . DEFINITION)’, where KEY is a string indicating the key to bind,
and DEFINITION is the name of a command (a symbol).  Alternatively,
DEFINITION may be a cons ‘(DESC . COMMAND)’, where DESC is a string
describing COMMAND, which is the name of a command to bind KEY to.  The
syntax for the keys is similar to the syntax used by the ‘kbd’ function
(see *note (emacs)Init Rebinding::, for more information).

Using ‘:bind’ with a single cons
--------------------------------

Here is an example of using a single cons:

     (use-package ace-jump-mode
       :bind ("C-." . ace-jump-mode))

   This does two things: first, it creates an autoload for the
‘ace-jump-mode’ command and defers loading of the ‘ace-jump-mode’
package until you actually use it.  Second, it binds the key ‘C-.’ to
that command globally.

Using ‘:bind’ with a list of conses
-----------------------------------

Here is an example of using ‘:bind’ with a list of conses:

     (use-package hi-lock
       :bind (("M-o l" . highlight-lines-matching-regexp)
              ("M-o r" . highlight-regexp)
              ("M-o w" . highlight-phrase)))

Using special keys
------------------

Inside key strings, special keys like ‘TAB’ or ‘F1’–‘F12’ have to be
written inside angle brackets, e.g.  ‘"C-<up>"’.  Standalone special
keys (and some combinations) can be written in square brackets,
e.g. ‘[tab]’ instead of ‘"<tab>"’.

   Examples:

     (use-package helm
       :bind (("M-x" . helm-M-x)
              ("M-<f5>" . helm-find-files)
              ([f10] . helm-buffers-list)
              ([S-f10] . helm-recentf)))

Providing custom descriptions of commands
-----------------------------------------

When binding keys to commands with ‘:bind’, custom descriptions of the
commands may optionally be provided.

   Examples:

     (use-package avy
       :bind ("C-:" ("Jump to char" . avy-goto-char)
              "M-g f" ("Jump to line" . avy-goto-line)))

These descriptions can be used by other code that deals with key
bindings.  For example, the GNU ELPA package ‘which-key’ displays them
when showing key bindings, instead of the plain command names.

Remapping commands
------------------

Remapping commands with ‘:bind’ and ‘bind-key’ works as expected,
because when the binding is a vector, it is passed straight to
‘define-key’.  *Note (elisp)Remapping Commands::) for more information
about command remapping.  For example, the following declaration will
rebind ‘fill-paragraph’ (bound to ‘M-q’ by default) to ‘unfill-toggle’:

     (use-package unfill
       :bind ([remap fill-paragraph] . unfill-toggle))

What ‘:bind’ does behind the scenes
-----------------------------------

To understand what ‘:bind’ does behind the scenes, it might be useful to
consider an example:

     (use-package ace-jump-mode
       :bind ("C-." . ace-jump-mode))

   This could be expressed in a much more verbose way with the
‘:commands’ and ‘:init’ keywords.

     (use-package ace-jump-mode
       :commands ace-jump-mode
       :init
       (bind-key "C-." 'ace-jump-mode))

   Without using even the ‘:commands’ keyword, we could also write the
above like so:

     (use-package ace-jump-mode
       :defer t
       :init
       (autoload 'ace-jump-mode "ace-jump-mode" nil t)
       (bind-key "C-." 'ace-jump-mode))

   Although these three forms are all equivalent, the first form is
usually the best, as it will save some typing.


File: use-package.info,  Node: Binding in keymaps,  Next: Binding to a keymap,  Prev: Global keybindings,  Up: Key bindings

4.2.2 Key bindings in local keymaps
-----------------------------------

Slightly different from binding a key to a keymap, is binding a key
_within_ a local keymap that only exists after the package is loaded.
‘use-package’ supports this with a ‘:map’ modifier, taking the local
keymap to bind to:

     (use-package helm
       :bind (:map helm-command-map
              ("C-c h" . helm-execute-persistent-action)))

   The effect of this statement is to wait until ‘helm’ has loaded, and
then to bind the key ‘C-c h’ to ‘helm-execute-persistent-action’ within
Helm’s local keymap, ‘helm-command-map’.

   Multiple uses of ‘:map’ may be specified.  Any binding occurring
before the first use of ‘:map’ are applied to the global keymap:

     (use-package term
       :bind (("C-c t" . term)
              :map term-mode-map
              ("M-p" . term-send-up)
              ("M-n" . term-send-down)
              :map term-raw-map
              ("M-o" . other-window)
              ("M-p" . term-send-up)
              ("M-n" . term-send-down)))


File: use-package.info,  Node: Binding to a keymap,  Next: Binding to repeat-maps,  Prev: Binding in keymaps,  Up: Key bindings

4.2.3 Binding to keymaps
------------------------

Normally ‘:bind’ expects that commands are functions that will be
autoloaded from the given package.  However, this does not work if one
of those commands is actually a keymap, since keymaps are not functions,
and cannot be autoloaded using the built-in ‘autoload’ function.

   To handle this case, ‘use-package’ offers a special, limited variant
of ‘:bind’ called ‘:bind-keymap’.  The only difference is that the
“commands” bound to by ‘:bind-keymap’ must be keymaps defined in the
package, rather than command functions.  This is handled behind the
scenes by generating custom code that loads the package containing the
keymap, and then re-executes your keypress after the first load, to
reinterpret that keypress as a prefix key.

   For example:

     (use-package foo
       :bind-keymap ("C-c p" . foo-command-map))


File: use-package.info,  Node: Binding to repeat-maps,  Next: Displaying keybindings,  Prev: Binding to a keymap,  Up: Key bindings

4.2.4 Binding to repeat-maps
----------------------------

A special case of binding within a local keymap is when that keymap is
used by ‘repeat-mode’ *note (emacs)Repeating::.  These keymaps are
usually defined specifically for this.  Using the ‘:repeat-map’ keyword,
and passing it a name for the map it defines, will bind all following
keys inside that map, and (by default) set the ‘repeat-map’ property of
each bound command to that map.

   The following example creates a keymap called
‘git-gutter+-repeat-map’, makes four bindings in it as above, then sets
the ‘repeat-map’ property of each bound command (‘git-gutter+-next-hunk’
‘git-gutter+-previous-hunk’, ‘git-gutter+-stage-hunks’ and
‘git-gutter+-revert-hunk’) to that keymap.

     (use-package git-gutter+
       :bind
       (:repeat-map git-gutter+-repeat-map
        ("n" . git-gutter+-next-hunk)
        ("p" . git-gutter+-previous-hunk)
        ("s" . git-gutter+-stage-hunks)
        ("r" . git-gutter+-revert-hunk)))

   Specifying ‘:exit’ inside the scope of ‘:repeat-map’ will prevent the
‘repeat-map’ property being set, so that the command can be used from
within the repeat map, but after it using it the repeat map will no
longer be available.  This is useful for commands often used at the end
of a series of repeated commands:

     (use-package git-gutter+
       :bind
       (:repeat-map my/git-gutter+-repeat-map
        ("n" . git-gutter+-next-hunk)
        ("p" . git-gutter+-previous-hunk)
        ("s" . git-gutter+-stage-hunks)
        ("r" . git-gutter+-revert-hunk)
        :exit
        ("c" . magit-commit-create)
        ("C" . magit-commit)
        ("b" . magit-blame)))

   Specifying ‘:continue’ _forces_ setting the ‘repeat-map’ property
(just like _not_ specifying ‘:exit’), so the above snippet is equivalent
to:

     (use-package git-gutter+
       :bind
       (:repeat-map my/git-gutter+-repeat-map
        :exit
        ("c" . magit-commit-create)
        ("C" . magit-commit)
        ("b" . magit-blame)
        :continue
        ("n" . git-gutter+-next-hunk)
        ("p" . git-gutter+-previous-hunk)
        ("s" . git-gutter+-stage-hunks)
        ("r" . git-gutter+-revert-hunk)))


File: use-package.info,  Node: Displaying keybindings,  Prev: Binding to repeat-maps,  Up: Key bindings

4.2.5 Displaying personal keybinding
------------------------------------

The ‘:bind’ keyword uses the ‘bind-keys’ macro from the ‘bind-key.el’
library to set up keybindings.  It keeps track of all keybindings you
make, so that you can display them separately from the default
keybindings.

   Use ‘M-x describe-personal-keybindings’ to see all keybindings you’ve
set using either the ‘:bind’ keyword or the ‘bind-keys’ macro.


File: use-package.info,  Node: Hooks,  Next: Modes and interpreters,  Prev: Key bindings,  Up: Configuring Packages

4.3 Hooks
=========

The ‘:hook’ keyword allows adding functions onto hooks.  It takes one
argument of the form HOOKS, specifying one or more functions to add to
one or more hooks.  For the purposes of ‘:hook’, the name of hook
variables should always exclude the ‘-hook’ suffix.  It is appended
automatically for you, to save some typing.

   For example, consider the following ‘use-package’ declaration that
sets up autoloads for ‘company-mode’ from the ‘company’ package, and
adds ‘company-mode’ to ‘prog-mode-hook’:

     (use-package company
       :commands company-mode
       :init
       (add-hook 'prog-mode-hook #'company-mode))

   Using ‘:hook’, this can be simplified to:

     (use-package company
       :hook (prog-mode . company-mode))

   Here, ‘:hook’ will automatically set up autoloads for the
‘company-mode’ command, so there is no need to use ‘:commands’.

   The ‘:hook’ keyword will also assume that the name of the function
you want to add is the same as the package name with ‘-mode’ appended to
it.  Taking this into account, you can simplify the above to the
equivalent:

     (use-package company
       :hook prog-mode)

   You can also provide a list of hooks.  When multiple hooks should be
applied, the following examples are all equivalent:

     (use-package company
       :hook (prog-mode text-mode))

     (use-package company
       :hook ((prog-mode text-mode) . company-mode))

     (use-package company
       :hook ((prog-mode . company-mode)
              (text-mode . company-mode)))

     (use-package company
       :commands company-mode
       :init
       (add-hook 'prog-mode-hook #'company-mode)
       (add-hook 'text-mode-hook #'company-mode))

   One common mistake when using ‘:hook’ is to forget to omit the
‘-hook’ suffix, which, as already explained, is appended automatically.
Therefore, the following will not work, as it attempts to add a function
to non-existent ‘prog-mode-hook-hook’:

     ;; DOES NOT WORK
     (use-package ace-jump-mode
       :hook (prog-mode-hook . ace-jump-mode))

   If you do not like this behavior, you can customize the user option
‘use-package-hook-name-suffix’ to ‘nil’.  The value of this variable is
‘"-hook"’ by default.

   The use of ‘:hook’, as with ‘:bind’, ‘:mode’, ‘:interpreter’, etc.,
causes the functions being hooked to implicitly be read as ‘:commands’.
This means that they will establish interactive ‘autoload’ definitions
for that module, if not already defined as functions), and so ‘:defer t’
is also implied by ‘:hook’.


File: use-package.info,  Node: Modes and interpreters,  Next: Magic handlers,  Prev: Hooks,  Up: Configuring Packages

4.4 Modes and interpreters
==========================

Similar to ‘:bind’, you can use ‘:mode’ and ‘:interpreter’ to establish
a deferred binding within the ‘auto-mode-alist’ and
‘interpreter-mode-alist’ variables.  The specifier to either keyword can
be a cons cell, a list of cons cells, or a string or regexp.

   The following example reproduces the default ‘ruby-mode’
configuration, exactly as it is in Emacs out-of-the-box.  That mode is
enabled automatically when a file whose name matches the regexp
‘"\\.rb\\'"’ (a file with the ‘.rb’ extension), or when the first line
of the file (known as the “shebang”) matches the string ‘"ruby"’:

     (use-package ruby-mode
       :mode "\\.rb\\'"
       :interpreter "ruby")

   The default ‘python-mode’ configuration can be reproduced using the
below declaration.  Note that the package that should be loaded differs
from the mode name in this case, so we must use a cons:

     ;; The package is "python" but the mode is "python-mode":
     (use-package python
       :mode ("\\.py\\'" . python-mode)
       :interpreter ("python" . python-mode))

   Both the ‘:mode’ and ‘:interpreter’ keywords also accept a list of
regexps:

     (use-package foo
       ;; Equivalent to "\\(ba[rz]\\)\\'":
       :mode ("\\.bar\\'" "\\.baz\\'")
       ;; Equivalent to "\\(foo[ab]\\)":
       :interpreter ("fooa" "foob"))


File: use-package.info,  Node: Magic handlers,  Next: User options,  Prev: Modes and interpreters,  Up: Configuring Packages

4.5 Magic handlers
==================

Similar to ‘:mode’ and ‘:interpreter’, you can also use ‘:magic’ and
‘:magic-fallback’ to cause certain function to be run if the beginning
of a file matches a given regular expression.  The difference between
‘:magic’ and ‘:magic-fallback’, is that the latter has a lower priority
than ‘:mode’.

   Here is an example:

     (use-package pdf-tools
       :magic ("%PDF" . pdf-view-mode)
       :config
       (pdf-tools-install :no-query))

   This registers an autoloaded command for ‘pdf-view-mode’, defers
loading of ‘pdf-tools’, and runs ‘pdf-view-mode’ if the beginning of a
buffer matches the string ‘"%PDF"’.


File: use-package.info,  Node: User options,  Next: Faces,  Prev: Magic handlers,  Up: Configuring Packages

4.6 User options
================

In Emacs, you normally set customizable variables (user options) using
the ‘M-x customize’ interface (*note (emacs)Easy Customization::).  We
recommended this method for most users.  However, it is also possible to
set them in your ‘use-package’ declarations by using the ‘:custom’
keyword.

     (use-package comint
       :defer t
       :custom
       (comint-buffer-maximum-size 20000 "Increase comint buffer size.")
       (comint-prompt-read-only t "Make the prompt read only."))

   This is better than using ‘setq’ in a ‘:config’ block, as
customizable variables might have some code associated with it that
Emacs will execute when you assign values to them.  In Emacs 29, there
is also the new ‘setopt’ macro that does this for you.

   Note that the values customized using this keyword are _not_ saved in
the standard Emacs ‘custom-file’.  You should therefore set each user
option using either the ‘:custom’ keyword _or_ ‘M-x customize-option’,
which will save customized values in the Emacs ‘custom-file’.  Do not
use both for the same variable, as this risk having conflicting values
in your use-package declaration and your ‘custom-file’.  This can lead
to problems that are both tricky and tedious to debug.


File: use-package.info,  Node: Faces,  Next: Hiding minor modes,  Prev: User options,  Up: Configuring Packages

4.7 Faces
=========

The ‘:custom-face’ keyword allows customization of package custom faces.

     (use-package eruby-mode
       :custom-face
       (eruby-standard-face ((t (:slant italic)))))

     (use-package example
       :custom-face
       (example-1-face ((t (:foreground "LightPink"))))
       (example-2-face ((t (:foreground "LightGreen"))) face-defspec-spec))

     (use-package zenburn-theme
       :preface
       (setq my/zenburn-colors-alist
             '((fg . "#DCDCCC") (bg . "#1C1C1C") (cyan . "#93E0E3")))
       :custom-face
       (region ((t (:background ,(alist-get my/zenburn-colors-alist 'cyan)))))
       :config
       (load-theme 'zenburn t))


File: use-package.info,  Node: Hiding minor modes,  Prev: Faces,  Up: Configuring Packages

4.8 Hiding minor modes with diminish and delight
================================================

‘use-package’ supports the diminish and delight packages, both of which
make it possible remove or change minor mode strings in your mode-line.
Which one to use is up to you, but you should normally only use one or
the other – never both.(1)  To use either of them, you must first
install the corresponding package from GNU ELPA.

* Menu:

* Diminish::                    Hiding minor modes with Diminish.
* Delight::                     Hiding minor modes with Delight.

   ---------- Footnotes ----------

   (1) When in doubt, you might as well use diminish.


File: use-package.info,  Node: Diminish,  Next: Delight,  Up: Hiding minor modes

4.8.1 Diminish
--------------

When diminish(1) is installed, you can use the ‘:diminish’ keyword.  If
diminish is not installed, the ‘:diminish’ keyword does nothing.

   First, add the following declaration to the beginning of your init
file.  The optional ‘:ensure t’ makes sure the package is installed if
it isn’t already (*note Installing packages::).

     (use-package diminish :ensure t)

   The ‘:diminish’ keyword takes either a minor mode symbol, a cons of
the symbol and its replacement string, or just a replacement string, in
which case the minor mode symbol is guessed to be the package name with
‘-mode’ appended at the end:

     (use-package abbrev
       :diminish abbrev-mode
       :config
       (if (file-exists-p abbrev-file-name)
           (quietly-read-abbrev-file)))

   ---------- Footnotes ----------

   (1) The diminish package is installable from GNU ELPA.


File: use-package.info,  Node: Delight,  Prev: Diminish,  Up: Hiding minor modes

4.8.2 Delight
-------------

When delight(1) is installed, you can use the ‘:delight’ keyword.  If
delight is not installed, the ‘:delight’ keyword does nothing.

   First, add the following declaration to the beginning of your init
file.  The optional ‘:ensure t’ makes sure the package is installed if
it isn’t already (*note Installing packages::).

     (use-package delight :ensure t)

   The ‘:delight’ keyword takes a minor mode symbol, a replacement
string, or quoted mode line data (in which case the minor mode symbol is
assumed to be the package name with ‘-mode’ appended at the end), both
of these, or several lists of both.  *Note (elisp)Mode Line Data::.  If
no arguments are provided, the default mode name is hidden completely.

   For example, the following hides everything for the ‘foo-mode’ minor
mode in the ‘foo’ package:

     (use-package foo
       :delight)

   If the mode name doesn’t match the package name with ‘-mode’
appended, provide a symbol instead.  For example, the following hides
‘auto-revert-mode’ from the mode line:

     ;; Don't show anything for auto-revert-mode, which doesn't match
     ;; its package name.
     (use-package autorevert
       :delight auto-revert-mode)

   You can also run arbitrary Lisp code.  For example, to replace
‘foo-mode’ with the value of the current buffer:

     (use-package foo
       :delight '(:eval buffer-file-name))

   Here is an example of hiding several built-in minor modes:

     ;; Completely hide visual-line-mode and change auto-fill-mode to " AF".
     (use-package emacs
       :delight
       (auto-fill-function " AF")
       (visual-line-mode))

   ---------- Footnotes ----------

   (1) The ‘delight’ package is installable from GNU ELPA.


File: use-package.info,  Node: Installing packages,  Next: Byte-compiling,  Prev: Configuring Packages,  Up: Top

5 Installing packages automatically
***********************************

The standard Emacs package manager is documented in the Emacs manual
(*note (emacs)Package Installation::).  The ‘use-package’ macro provides
the ‘:ensure’ and ‘:pin’ keywords, that interface with that package
manager to automatically install packages.  This is particularly useful
if you use your init file on more than one system.

* Menu:

* Install package::
* Pinning packages::
* Other package managers::


File: use-package.info,  Node: Install package,  Next: Pinning packages,  Up: Installing packages

5.1 Installing package
======================

The ‘:ensure’ keyword makes use-package ask the Emacs package manager to
install a package if it is not already present on your system.

   For example:

     (use-package magit
       :ensure t)

   If you need to install a different package from the one named by
‘use-package’, you can use a symbol:

     (use-package tex
       :ensure auctex)

   You can customize the user option ‘use-package-always-ensure’ to
non-‘nil’ if you want this behavior to be global for all packages.

     (require 'use-package-ensure)
     (setq use-package-always-ensure t)

You can override the above setting for a single package by adding
‘:ensure nil’ to its declaration.


File: use-package.info,  Node: Pinning packages,  Next: Other package managers,  Prev: Install package,  Up: Installing packages

5.2 Pinning packages using ‘:pin’
=================================

use-package can pin a package to a specific archive using the ‘:pin’
keyword.(1)  This allows you to mix and match packages from different
archives.  The primary use-case for this is preferring to install
packages from GNU ELPA or NonGNU ELPA (indicated by ‘gnu’ and ‘nongnu’,
respectively), while installing specific packages from third-party
archives.

   For example:

     (use-package company
       :ensure t
       :pin gnu)   ; GNU ELPA

   Unfortunately, the third-party archive MELPA uses a versioning scheme
based on dates, which means that packages from that archive are always
preferred.  If you are using that archive, we strongly encourage you to
customize ‘use-package-always-pin’ to ‘nongnu’.  This guarantees that
you are using a version of that package that has been specifically
marked for release by its developer, and not a development snapshot.

   If you want to manually keep a package updated and ignore upstream
updates, you can pin it to ‘manual’.  This will work as long as you have
not customized a repository to use that name in the ‘package-archives’
variable.

   Example:

     (use-package org
       :ensure t
       ;; ignore org-mode from upstream and use a manually installed version
       :pin manual)

   ‘use-package’ signals an error if you try to pin a package to an
archive that is not configured using ‘package-archives’ (except from the
special ‘manual’ archive).

   ---------- Footnotes ----------

   (1) The ‘:pin’ keyword has no effect on Emacs versions older than
24.4.


File: use-package.info,  Node: Other package managers,  Prev: Pinning packages,  Up: Installing packages

5.3 Non-standard package managers
=================================

By default, use-package assumes that you are using the built-in
‘package.el’ package manager.  We expect that most users will find that
it is more than capable enough, even for advanced use cases.

   However, some users might prefer to use a third-party package manager
for a specific circumstance or use case.  By setting the user option
‘use-package-ensure-function’ to the name of a function, you can direct
‘:ensure’ to use a different package manager for installing packages.

   For more details, please see the documentation of the package manager
you are using.  If you run into any bugs, it is often best to report
them directly to the developers of that package manager.


File: use-package.info,  Node: Byte-compiling,  Next: Troubleshooting,  Prev: Installing packages,  Up: Top

6 Byte-compiling your init file
*******************************

Some users might want to byte-compile their init file to make Emacs
startup even faster.  This is not recommended in most cases, as the
speed-up is often too small to be worth it, and can lead to confusion if
the byte-compiled files are out-of-date.  If you still want to do it,
read on.

   ‘use-package’ always loads every library that it can while a file is
being byte-compiled.  This helps silence spurious warnings about unknown
variables and functions.

   However, there are times when this is just not enough.  For those
times, use the ‘:defines’ and ‘:functions’ keywords to introduce dummy
variable and function declarations solely for the sake of silencing
byte-compiler warnings.  For example:

     (use-package texinfo
       :defines texinfo-section-list
       :commands texinfo-mode
       :init
       (add-to-list 'auto-mode-alist '("\\.texi$" . texinfo-mode)))

   If you need to silence a missing function warning, you can use
‘:functions’:

     (use-package ruby-mode
       :mode "\\.rb\\'"
       :interpreter "ruby"
       :functions inf-ruby-keys
       :config
       (defun my-ruby-mode-hook ()
         (require 'inf-ruby)
         (inf-ruby-keys))

       (add-hook 'ruby-mode-hook 'my-ruby-mode-hook))

   Normally, ‘use-package’ will load each package at compile time before
compiling the configuration, to ensure that any necessary symbols are in
scope to satisfy the byte-compiler.  At times this can cause problems,
since a package may have special loading requirements, and all that you
want to use ‘use-package’ for is to add a configuration to the
‘eval-after-load’ hook.  In such cases, use the ‘:no-require’ keyword:

     (use-package foo
       :no-require t
       :config
       (message "Evaluate this immediately after loading `foo'"))


File: use-package.info,  Node: Troubleshooting,  Next: Keyword extensions,  Prev: Byte-compiling,  Up: Top

7 Troubleshooting
*****************

If an error occurs while initializing or configuring a package, this
will not stop your Emacs from loading.  Instead, ‘use-package’ captures
the error and reports it in a special ‘*Warnings*’ popup buffer, so that
you can debug the situation in an otherwise functional Emacs.

   If you are having trouble when starting Emacs, you can pass Emacs the
‘--debug-init’ command line flag.  *Note (emacs)Initial Options::.  To
get even more information when using that flag, add the following to
your init file (these options are documented below):

     (when init-file-debug
       (setq use-package-verbose t
             use-package-expand-minimally nil
             use-package-compute-statistics t
             debug-on-error t))

   Since ‘use-package’ is a macro, the first step when you need to dig
deeper is usually to see what Emacs Lisp code your declaration expands
to.  You can either use the command ‘M-x pp-macroexpand-last-sexp’, or
wrap the use-package declaration in ‘macroexpand’ and evaluate it.  It
is a good idea to include their output in any bugs you file for
use-package.

* Menu:

* Troubleshooting Options::
* Gathering Statistics::
* Disabling a package::


File: use-package.info,  Node: Troubleshooting Options,  Next: Gathering Statistics,  Up: Troubleshooting

7.1 Options that help when troubleshooting
==========================================

By default, use-package will attempts to catch and report errors that
occur during expansion of use-package declarations in your init file.
Customize the user option ‘use-package-expand-minimally’ to a non-‘nil’
value to disable this checking.

   This behavior may be overridden locally using the ‘:catch’ keyword.
If ‘t’ or ‘nil’, it enables or disables catching errors at load time.
It can also be a function taking two arguments: the keyword being
processed at the time the error was encountered, and the error object
(as generated by ‘condition-case’).  For example:

     (use-package example
       ;; Note that errors are never trapped in the preface, since doing so would
       ;; hide definitions from the byte-compiler.
       :preface (message "I'm here at byte-compile and load time")
       :init (message "I'm always here at startup")
       :config
       (message "I'm always here after the package is loaded")
       (error "oops")
       ;; Don't try to (require 'example), this is just an example!
       :no-require t
       :catch (lambda (keyword err)
                (message (error-message-string err))))

   Evaluating the above form will print these messages:

I’m here at byte-compile and load time
I’m always here at startup
Configuring package example...
I’m always here after the package is loaded
oops


File: use-package.info,  Node: Gathering Statistics,  Next: Disabling a package,  Prev: Troubleshooting Options,  Up: Troubleshooting

7.2 Gathering Statistics
========================

When a package is loaded, and if you have ‘use-package-verbose’ set to
‘t’, or if the package takes longer than 0.1 seconds to load, you will
see a message to indicate this loading activity in the ‘*Messages*’
buffer.  The same will happen for configuration, or ‘:config’ blocks,
that take longer than 0.1 seconds to execute.

   If you’d like to see a summary how many packages you’ve loaded, what
stage of initialization they’ve reached, and how much aggregate time
they’ve spent (roughly), you can customize the user option
‘use-package-compute-statistics’ to a non-‘nil’ value.  Then reload your
packages, normally by restarting Emacs, to make sure that use-package
can gather statistics for all your packages.

   Run the command ‘M-x use-package-report’ to see the results.  The
buffer displayed is a tabulated list.  To sort rows based on a
particular column, move point to it and type ‘S’, or click the column
name at the top of the buffer on graphical displays.

   To reset all statistics that use-package has gathered for the current
Emacs invocation, run the command ‘M-x use-package-reset-statistics’.

   Note that, if you are setting ‘use-package-compute-statistics’
directly in your init file, and not with ‘customize’, you must do this
after loading ‘use-package’, but before any ‘use-package’ forms.


File: use-package.info,  Node: Disabling a package,  Prev: Gathering Statistics,  Up: Troubleshooting

7.3 Disabling a package
=======================

The ‘:disabled’ keyword inhibits loading a package, and all it’s
customizations.  It is equivalent to commenting out or deleting the
definition.

   You could use this, for example, to temporarily disable a package
that you’re having difficulties with, or to avoid loading a package that
you’re not currently using.

   This example disables the ‘foo’ package:

     (use-package foo
       :disabled)

   When byte-compiling your init file, use-package omits disabled
declarations from the output entirely, in order to make Emacs startup
faster.


File: use-package.info,  Node: Keyword extensions,  Next: History,  Prev: Troubleshooting,  Up: Top

Appendix A Keyword extensions
*****************************

use-package is based on an extensible framework that makes it easy for
package authors to add new keywords, or modify the behavior of existing
keywords.

   Some keyword extensions are included with ‘use-package’, and can be
optionally enabled.

* Menu:

* use-package-ensure-system-package::
* Creating an extension::


File: use-package.info,  Node: use-package-ensure-system-package,  Next: Creating an extension,  Up: Keyword extensions

A.1 :use-package-ensure-system-package
======================================

The ‘:ensure-system-package’ keyword allows you to ensure certain
executables are available on your system alongside your package
declarations.(1)

   To use this extension, add this immediately after loading
‘use-package’:

     (use-package use-package-ensure-system-package)

   Now you can use the ‘:ensure-system-package’ keyword.  Here’s an
example usage:

     (use-package foo
       :ensure-system-package foo)

   This will expect a global binary package to exist called ‘foo’.  If
it does not, it will use your system package manager to attempt an
install of a binary by the same name asynchronously.  This requires the
GNU ELPA package ‘system-packages’
(https://gitlab.com/jabranham/system-packages), so for this to work you
must install that first.

   One way of making sure it is installed is with ‘use-package’ together
with ‘:ensure’.

     (use-package system-packages
       :ensure t)

   For example, on a ‘Debian GNU/Linux’ system, this would call ‘apt-get
install foo’.

   If the package is named differently than the binary, you can use a
cons in the form of ‘(binary . package-name)’.  For example:

     (use-package foo
       :ensure-system-package
       (foocmd . foo))

   On a ‘Debian GNU/Linux’ system, this would call ‘apt install foo’ if
Emacs could not locate the executable ‘foocmd’.(2)

   ‘:ensure-system-package’ can also take a cons where its ‘cdr’ is a
string that will get called by ‘(async-shell-command)’ to install if it
isn’t found.  This does not depend upon any external package.

     (use-package tern
       :ensure-system-package (tern . "npm i -g tern"))

   To install several packages, you can pass in a list of conses:

     (use-package ruby-mode
       :ensure-system-package
       ((rubocop     . "gem install rubocop")
        (ruby-lint   . "gem install ruby-lint")
        (ripper-tags . "gem install ripper-tags")
        (pry         . "gem install pry")))

   Finally, in case the package dependency does not provide a global
executable, you can ensure packages exist by checking the presence of a
file path by providing a string like so:

     (use-package dash-at-point
       :if (eq system-type 'darwin)
       :ensure-system-package
       ("/Applications/Dash.app" . "brew cask install dash"))

   ‘:ensure-system-package’ will use ‘system-packages-install’ to
install system packages, except where a custom command has been
specified, in which case it will be executed verbatim by
‘async-shell-command’.

   The user options ‘system-packages-package-manager’ and
‘system-packages-use-sudo’ are honored, but not for custom commands.
Custom commands should include the call to sudo in the command if
needed.

   ---------- Footnotes ----------

   (1) On macOS, you will want to make sure ‘exec-path’ is cognisant of
all binary package names that you would like to ensure are installed.
The ‘exec-path-from-shell’
(https://github.com/purcell/exec-path-from-shell) package is often a
good way to do this.

   (2) For manual testing, you could use the ‘executable-find’ function,
which is what ‘system-packages’ uses internally.


File: use-package.info,  Node: Creating an extension,  Prev: use-package-ensure-system-package,  Up: Keyword extensions

A.2 How to create an extension keyword
======================================

This section describes how to create a new keyword.

  1. Add the keyword.

     The first step is to add your keyword at the right place in
     ‘use-package-keywords’.  This list determines the order in which
     things will happen in the expanded code.  You should never change
     this order, but it gives you a framework within which to decide
     when your keyword should fire.

  2. Create a normalizer.

     The job of the normalizer is take a list of arguments (possibly
     ‘nil’), and turn it into the single argument (which could still be
     a list) that should appear in the final property list used by
     ‘use-package’.

     Define a normalizer for your keyword by defining a function named
     after the keyword, for example:

          (defun use-package-normalize/:pin (name-symbol keyword args)
            (use-package-only-one (symbol-name keyword) args
              (lambda (label arg)
                (cond
                 ((stringp arg) arg)
                 ((symbolp arg) (symbol-name arg))
                 (t
                  (use-package-error
                   ":pin wants an archive name (a string)"))))))

  3. Create a handler.

     Once you have a normalizer, you must create a handler for the
     keyword.

     Handlers can affect the handling of keywords in two ways.  First,
     it can modify the ‘state’ plist before recursively processing the
     remaining keywords, to influence keywords that pay attention to the
     state (one example is the state keyword ‘:deferred’, not to be
     confused with the ‘use-package’ keyword ‘:defer’).  Then, once the
     remaining keywords have been handled and their resulting forms
     returned, the handler may manipulate, extend, or just ignore those
     forms.

     The task of each handler is to return a _list of forms_
     representing code to be inserted.  It does not need to be a ‘progn’
     list, as this is handled automatically in other places.  Thus it is
     common to see the idiom of using ‘use-package-concat’ to add new
     functionality before or after a code body, so that only the minimum
     code necessary is emitted as the result of a ‘use-package’
     expansion.

     This is an example handler:

          (defun use-package-handler/:pin (name-symbol keyword archive-name rest state)
            (let ((body (use-package-process-keywords name-symbol rest state)))
              ;; This happens at macro expansion time, not when the expanded code is
              ;; compiled or evaluated.
              (if (null archive-name)
                  body
                (use-package-pin-package name-symbol archive-name)
                (use-package-concat
                 body
                 `((push '(,name-symbol . ,archive-name)
                         package-pinned-packages))))))

  4. Test it.

     After the keyword has been inserted into ‘use-package-keywords’,
     and a normalizer and a handler defined, you can now test it by
     seeing how usages of the keyword will expand.  For this, use ‘M-x
     pp-macroexpand-last-sexp’ with the cursor set immediately after the
     ‘(use-package ...)’ expression.


File: use-package.info,  Node: History,  Next: GNU Free Documentation License,  Prev: Keyword extensions,  Up: Top

Appendix B History and acknowledgments
**************************************

use-package was written by John Wiegley.  Its development started in
2012, and it got merged into Emacs in 2022, in preparation of the
release of Emacs 29.1.

   Dozens of people have contributed to use-package over the years with
bug reports, documentation and code.  They are too many to list here,
but we thank them all for their contributions.

   This Texinfo manual was written by Stefan Kangas, as a significant
rewrite of the old use-package manual and ‘README’.


File: use-package.info,  Node: GNU Free Documentation License,  Next: Index,  Prev: History,  Up: Top

Appendix C GNU Free Documentation License
*****************************************

                     Version 1.3, 3 November 2008

     Copyright © 2000, 2001, 2002, 2007, 2008 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
     <https://fsf.org/>

     Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
     of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.

  0. PREAMBLE

     The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or other
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     assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and redistribute it,
     with or without modifying it, either commercially or
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     being considered responsible for modifications made by others.

     This License is a kind of “copyleft”, which means that derivative
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     It complements the GNU General Public License, which is a copyleft
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     We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for
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     If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document
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  4. MODIFICATIONS

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       C. State on the Title page the name of the publisher of the
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       E. Add an appropriate copyright notice for your modifications
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       J. Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document
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       K. For any section Entitled “Acknowledgements” or “Dedications”,
          Preserve the Title of the section, and preserve in the section
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  5. COMBINING DOCUMENTS

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  6. COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS

     You may make a collection consisting of the Document and other
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  7. AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS

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  10. FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE

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ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents
====================================================

To use this License in a document you have written, include a copy of
the License in the document and put the following copyright and license
notices just after the title page:

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       or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation;
       with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover
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   If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts, or some other
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File: use-package.info,  Node: Index,  Prev: GNU Free Documentation License,  Up: Top

Index
*****

[index]
* Menu:

* :after:                                Loading sequentially. (line  6)
* :all (with :after):                    Loading sequentially. (line 34)
* :any (with :after):                    Loading sequentially. (line 34)
* :autoload:                             Manual autoloads.     (line  6)
* :bind:                                 Key bindings.         (line  6)
* :bind <1>:                             Global keybindings.   (line  6)
* :bind-keymap, inside :bind:            Binding to a keymap.  (line  6)
* :catch:                                Troubleshooting Options.
                                                               (line 11)
* :commands:                             Manual autoloads.     (line  6)
* :config:                               Config keyword.       (line  6)
* :continue, inside :repeat-map and :bind: Binding to repeat-maps.
                                                               (line 45)
* :custom:                               User options.         (line  6)
* :custom-face:                          Faces.                (line  6)
* :defer:                                Deferring loading.    (line 25)
* :defines:                              Byte-compiling.       (line 16)
* :delight:                              Delight.              (line  6)
* :demand:                               Forcing loading.      (line  6)
* :diminish:                             Diminish.             (line  6)
* :disabled:                             Disabling a package.  (line  6)
* :ensure:                               Install package.      (line  6)
* :ensure-system-package:                use-package-ensure-system-package.
                                                               (line  6)
* :exit, inside :repeat-map and :bind:   Binding to repeat-maps.
                                                               (line 27)
* :functions:                            Byte-compiling.       (line 16)
* :hook:                                 Hooks.                (line  6)
* :if:                                   Conditional loading.  (line  6)
* :init:                                 Init keyword.         (line  6)
* :interpreter:                          Modes and interpreters.
                                                               (line  6)
* :load-path:                            Load path.            (line  6)
* :magic:                                Magic handlers.       (line  6)
* :magic-fallback:                       Magic handlers.       (line  6)
* :map, inside :bind:                    Binding in keymaps.   (line  6)
* :mode:                                 Modes and interpreters.
                                                               (line  6)
* :no-require:                           Byte-compiling.       (line 41)
* :pin:                                  Pinning packages.     (line  6)
* :preface:                              Preface keyword.      (line  6)
* :repeat-map, inside :bind:             Binding to repeat-maps.
                                                               (line  6)
* :requires:                             Load dependencies.    (line  6)
* :unless:                               Conditional loading.  (line  6)
* :when:                                 Conditional loading.  (line  6)
* autoloading packages:                  Deferring loading.    (line  6)
* binding keys:                          Key bindings.         (line  6)
* conditional loading before :preface or :ensure: Conditional loading.
                                                               (line 59)
* debugging:                             Troubleshooting.      (line  6)
* describe-personal-keybindings:         Displaying keybindings.
                                                               (line  6)
* disable package:                       Disabling a package.  (line  6)
* expanding macro, for troubleshooting:  Troubleshooting.      (line 22)
* hooks:                                 Hooks.                (line  6)
* key bindings:                          Key bindings.         (line  6)
* loading lazily:                        Deferring loading.    (line  6)
* loading packages:                      Loading Packages.     (line  6)
* multiple hooks:                        Hooks.                (line 37)
* prevent a package from loading at compile-time: Byte-compiling.
                                                               (line 41)
* repeat-mode and use-package, using:    Binding to repeat-maps.
                                                               (line  6)
* reporting bugs:                        Troubleshooting.      (line 22)
* triggers, for loading packages:        Deferring loading.    (line 14)
* troubleshooting:                       Troubleshooting.      (line  6)
* use-package-always-defer:              Deferring loading.    (line 68)
* use-package-always-pin:                Pinning packages.     (line 19)
* use-package-compute-statistics:        Gathering Statistics. (line 12)
* use-package-ensure-function:           Other package managers.
                                                               (line 10)
* use-package-expand-minimally:          Troubleshooting Options.
                                                               (line  6)
* use-package-hook-name-suffix:          Hooks.                (line 65)
* use-package-report:                    Gathering Statistics. (line 19)
* use-package-reset-statistics:          Gathering Statistics. (line 24)
* use-package-verbose:                   Gathering Statistics. (line  6)



Tag Table:
Node: Top947
Node: Basic Concepts3143
Node: Getting Started4569
Node: Loading Packages7734
Node: Loading basics9243
Ref: Loading basics-Footnote-110804
Node: Deferring loading10888
Node: Forcing loading14111
Node: Conditional loading14796
Node: Loading sequentially16960
Node: Load dependencies19541
Node: Load path20522
Node: Manual autoloads21759
Node: Configuring Packages22415
Node: Lisp Configuration23174
Node: Preface keyword24038
Node: Init keyword24944
Node: Config keyword25564
Node: Best practices26289
Node: Key bindings27766
Node: Global keybindings28536
Node: Binding in keymaps32350
Node: Binding to a keymap33561
Node: Binding to repeat-maps34595
Node: Displaying keybindings36982
Node: Hooks37544
Node: Modes and interpreters40312
Node: Magic handlers41851
Node: User options42680
Node: Faces44095
Node: Hiding minor modes44892
Ref: Hiding minor modes-Footnote-145599
Node: Diminish45654
Ref: Diminish-Footnote-146593
Node: Delight46652
Ref: Delight-Footnote-148460
Node: Installing packages48524
Node: Install package49137
Node: Pinning packages49967
Ref: Pinning packages-Footnote-151661
Node: Other package managers51741
Node: Byte-compiling52613
Node: Troubleshooting54605
Node: Troubleshooting Options55956
Node: Gathering Statistics57518
Node: Disabling a package59085
Node: Keyword extensions59801
Node: use-package-ensure-system-package60289
Ref: use-package-ensure-system-package-Footnote-163298
Ref: use-package-ensure-system-package-Footnote-263566
Node: Creating an extension63697
Node: History67109
Node: GNU Free Documentation License67782
Node: Index93134

End Tag Table


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